The Plague Of Bubonic Plague - 1714 Words

â€Å"Some victims reportedly went to bed healthy and died in their sleep† (Gale). This terrible epidemic is known all over the world for it’s deadly and unique characteristics. The diffusion, history, and cure are just a couple universal aspects that contribute to the well known, yet unforgiving disease known as the Bubonic Plague. The Bubonic Plague diffused to many people during its time of dominance. To start, the Bubonic Plague is transmitted to other living organisms in a distinct way. The plague bacteria circulates among different populations of certain rodents without causing an excessive amount of rodent die-off (â€Å"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention†). When the bacteria finishes off the last of the rodent population the fleas are forced to turn on to humans (Benedictow). After three days of fasting the hungry rat fleas will do anything for the smell and taste of fresh human blood (Benedictow). Once the plague bacteria makes its way into the h uman society everything goes downhill from there. The plague bacteria is most often transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected flea (â€Å"Centers for Disease control and Prevention†). Also people can become infected when handling the tissue or body fluids of a plague-infected animal (â€Å"Centers for Disease control and Prevention†). Not only were the rat fleas involved in transmitting the disease, but also our own kind were a key contributor to the transmission of this deadly disease. Without even knowing, the black deathShow MoreRelatedThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague896 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Death The Bubonic Plague was likely the first semi-global pandemic that rightfully merits the name which means affecting all people. The period of time in which the disease wreaked havoc was also known as the â€Å"Black Death. Alexandere Yersin was a French bacteriologist and discovered the bacteria in Hong Kong This diabolical disease is characterized by both positive and negative outcomes for the few people that managed to survive the plague. The total number of people who died subsequentlyRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1848 Words   |  8 Pages The Bubonic Plague killed over twenty-five million people during the Elizabethan Era (David Perlin, PhD and Ann Cohen). â€Å"The origins of the Black Death can be traced back to the Gobi Desert of Mongolia in the 1320’s (Ed. Geoffrey J. et al).† The Bubonic Plague has picked up many nicknames. For example, it has been called â€Å"The Black Death,† and â€Å"one of the four horsemen of the apocalypseâ €  (Ed. Geoffrey J. et al). The Bubonic Plague was very prominent during its time with many people’s lives beingRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe plague was a catastrophic time in history, and happened more than once. It took millions and millions of people’s lives. It destroyed cities and countries, and many people suffered from it. What is the plague? The plague or referred to as the Black Death, according to the CDC (2015), â€Å"is a disease that affects humans and other mammals and caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria. Humans usually get plague after being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium or by handlingRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague1675 Words   |  7 PagesBubonic Plague Ellery Perez Health Science Technology  Made of a canvas outer garment coated in wax, as well as waxed leather pants, gloves, boots and hat. A dark leather hood and mask with a very grotesque curved beak (Jackie Rosenhek, 2011). A serial killer, Halloween costume perhaps or a cosplay outfit for a horror movie? No, a doctor actually is what this outfit was meant for. Doctors wore this attire in the medieval times in order to protect themselves from the bubonic plague. We ve all heardRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1562 Words   |  7 Pagesquote by Matteo Villani, â€Å"It was a plague that touched people of every condition, age and sex. They began to spit blood and then they died—some immediately, some in two or three days, and some in a longer time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Crash Course World History, Min 6 Sec 43). The plague is known today as: the Bubonic Plague. When the plague eventually found its way into Europe in 1348, an estimated one to two thirds of the whole population was eradicated. But how did th e plague get there in the first place? It mostRead MoreBubonic Plague1154 Words   |  5 PagesBubonic plague is believed to have brought the Byzantine empire to its knees in the 6th century. This is the first ever documented record of bubonic plague in human history. But the fact that bubonic plague continues to afflict human population even today is a matter of concern. Your bubonic plague research paper would revolve around the premise of it being a deadly disease, but we assure you that we won’t scare you by the facts. Bubonic plague is typically differentiated from other infections becauseRead MoreBubonic Plague2091 Words   |  9 Pageshttp://ponderosa-pine.uoregon.edu/students/Janis/menu.html Abstract Bubonic plague has had a major impact on the history of the world. Caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis, and transmitted by fleas often found on rats, bubonic plague has killed over 50 million people over the centuries. Burrowing rodent populations across the world keep the disease present in the world today. Outbreaks, though often small, still occur in many places. The use of antibiotics and increased scientific knowledgeRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague825 Words   |  4 PagesThe Plague Discussion Questions The Black Death was an epizootic bubonic plague, a disease caused by the bacterium of rodents known as Yersinia pestis. The bubonic plague overwhelming effects of European history. The Black Death was considered one of the most â€Å"devastating pandemics† in human history. Whom Did the Black Death Affect The Black death affected mostly Europe. â€Å"The disastrous mortal disease known as the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-53.† (Paragraph 1) â€Å"By the endRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bubonic plague has been said to be a part of history since the biblical eras and has had an undeniable effect on the development of contemporary civilization Gowen, B.S. (1907). The cause of the plague is not known. However, there is religious reference of God punishing sinners causing death and destruction using this deadly disease. Throughout the years, there has been a question to be answered by historians and medical professionals. This question is: if the destructive attributes of theRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death, was a severe outbreak of disease that spread in Europe in the 14th century from 1346-1353. The disease spread faster then orig inally expected of killing only twenty or thirty percent but killed 60 percent of Europe s population ( Benedictow). It is believed the population of Europe was around eighty million and that would add up to be fifty million deaths. It was a horrific death for one to experience and can still be found in the world today

Stephen Fuller Austin A Texan Hero - 1400 Words

Stephen Fuller Austin: A Texas Hero (1793-1836) It was November 3rd, 1793 in Wythe County, Virginia when Stephen Fuller Austin, son of Moses Austin, known as The Father of Texas was born. Austin attended school in Connecticut as a child and graduated from Transylvania University in Kentucky. In 1813, Austin was elected to the Legislature of Missouri and was reelected to that same position for three years until he moved to Arkansas. He was chosen as judge of the judicial district of Arkansas. He planned to go to Louisiana to study law, but decided to join his father in his journey. On a journey to Missouri, Austin s father was struck with a pneumonia. When†¦show more content†¦However at the same time, he imposed a fee that permitted the Baron de Bastrop to charge one hundred twenty-seven dollars per four thousand four hundred and twenty-eight acres of land. Austin made a meeting with Bastrop to divide the fee amongst the two of them. Peace between state and federal authorities was necessary for the success of the colonies. He opposed the efforts and defeated the hopes of Haden Edwards bringing colonists into the Fredonian Rebellion and led the militia from Brazos and Colorado to help Mexican troops in taking it down. By 1830, Austin s variety of colonies consisted of sixteen thousand people, and other, less successful, had recruited many, many more. It became much harder for Austin to restore his leadership to them. However, the quick development of the colonies, along with efforts of the United States to buy Texas, increased the nerves and anxiety of Mexican leaders. Their tries to attempt to safeguard the territory by stopping immigration continued conflict and led to revolution and independence. The Law of April 6, 1830, incorporated the Mexican policy of stopping further colonization of Texas by settlers from the United States. By intelligent and a bit unpleasant interpretation, Austin ensured exemption andShow MoreRelatedMoving West : The Western Frontier Essay2220 Words   |  9 PagesSettlement in Texas Stephen Fuller Austin Empresario He was a land developer He convinced mexican gov’t that he could create a buffer on the north frontier between Comanches and Mexican settlements Tejanos = Hispanics Anglos or Texians = White settlers The Texas War For Independence Mexicans worried about behavior of Americans living in tx Outlawed any more immigration from US Santa anna imprisoned in Austin 1834 When he was released 18 mnths later, austin told texas to revolt 1835 Texans did what Austin

Leadership in Business for Social and Behavioral - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership in Business for Social and Behavioral Sciences. Answer: Introduction: The aim of this study is to understand the way in which the various CEOs of Australia analyze the leadership approaches and the way in which they efficiently manage the workplace and the employees of the business which helps to increase the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. In this project, the first interview is about Andrew Mackenzie who is the CEO of the BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton Plc in Australia. The second interview is all about Rob Scott who is the CEO of Wesfarmers in Australia. Lastly, the third interview session is about Andy Penn who is the CEO of Telstra in Australia. It is interesting to know about the views and opinions of these three famous personalities. In their life, they have struggled and worked hard to achieve success and fame. The strong determination and vision have helped them in developing their business from a low scale to a high level business. As per Arain, et al, by implementing good leadership qualities, these famous personalities have set and achieved challenging goals with the help of swift action and by inspiring the employees to perform well (Arain, et al., 2017). They have maintained honesty, integrity, hard work; trust and ethics which have helped them earn the right to be responsible for the success of the company. Even though they have faced many ups and downs in the course of life, they never thought of stopping and turning back. Instead, they utilized their time and energy in searching the right resources and manpower for their companies. The above mentioned CEOs have not just reached the CEO positions directly without any hard work or struggle (Arsezen-Otamis, Arikan-Saltik Babacan, 2015). They have reached this level by facing many breakdowns in their life and by crossing numerous hurdles. Their dedication and hard work has made them who they are now. It was not an easy journey for these renowned people who have reached this stage. They have always listened to their staff members and responded to their questions and concerns with all dignity and sincerity. They have achieved the new levels of success with the help of effective and clear communication skills (Baldarelli Del Baldo, 2016). They have always looked at where the company is headed and accordingly planned the steps needed to reach success. By visualizing what is possible, following the industry trends and by taking various risks to grow the business, these dignitaries have finally reached this position. The unique thinking and decision making process of these famous people is what makes them stand out from the others. They have a workforce which have endless amounts of energy, which stay focused and encourag ed in their work. So, in order to motivate and encourage the younger youths and individuals of the country, the interviews of these three renowned people were taken (Baxter Al-A'ali, 2014). They are a source of inspiration to the individuals of the country that can learn from the struggles and hard work of these three people and reach new level of success in order to fulfill their dreams. Compare and contrast between the three leaders The work team of the BHP Billiton Limited has done exposure-reduction projects including innovation and use of new technologies in order to establish their fame and name in Australia. The company is an Anglo-Australian multinational mining, petroleum and metals company that is stationed in Melbourne, Australia. The CEO, Andrew Mackenzie said in regards to the historical backdrop of the organization in the meeting as indicated by which the organization was framed with the merger between two little mining organizations BHP and Billiton. It started in Broken Hill, Australia where the Broken Hill Proprietary's (BHP) started with a silver, lead and zincs mine. Afterward, fused in 1885, the BHP began the revelation, improvement, generation and promoting of iron mineral, copper, oil and gas, precious stones, lead, zinc, silver and other scope of common assets. Correspondingly, Billiton started its excursion in 1851 with a tin mine on a little known island in Indonesia, Billiton Island. Afte rward, Billiton turned into a worldwide pioneer in the metals and mining division and a noteworthy aluminum, chrome and manganese metals, combinations, steaming coal, titanium and nickel minerals maker. Be that as it may, today, after the mergence in the year 2001, the organization is a world pioneer in the expanded assets industry (Blakeley, 2015). The workforce of the organization is focused on working with uprightness and code of business lead that particularly denies taking part in untrustworthy conduct of any kind. Working with integrity and doing what is right is one of the key to the success of the company. The team cares about the results in the same way how the results are achieved. By demonstrating these values through actions, systems and interactions, the manpower of the company has successfully been delivering the companys commitments to their shareholders, employees and host communities. The company has grown and expanded around the world with growing pains in developi ng the brand name (Brandt, 2016). As per Cappelli, et al, with the presence and functionality of the company in Africa, Europe, North and South America, Asia and of course Australia, the company has managed to have a global presence throughout the world. Andrew Mackenzie was chosen for the CEO post in the year 2013. He is one of the world's most persuasive connected earth researchers who have influenced a few commitments to geochemistry in his initial vocation to arrange, particularly in the development of oil. He has made real advancements in both specialized and also business fields (Cappelli, et al., 2015). Since his appointment as the CEO of the company, Andrew Mackenzie is playing the leaders role in an effective way and has inspired the massive mass of the country by encouraging the people to act and achieve the goals of the life. Andrew Mackenzie has changed the recent market scenario of Australia by making BHP Billiton reach at one of the topmost position in the world of mining. He has taken steps and efforts due to which the organization has achieved huge success and is still continuously trying to achieve the flying colors in every respect (Chekwa, et al., 2014). The Wesfarmers started in the year 1914 as a Western Australian ranchers' agreeable. Since that time, the organization has developed and developed into one of Australia's biggest recorded organizations. Headquartered in Western Australia, the organization's different business operations cover grocery stores, alcohol, lodgings and accommodation stores, office supplies, retail establishments, home change. Aside from this, the organization has an industrials division with organizations in chemicals, vitality and manures, wellbeing and modern items and coal (Christensen and Iderheim, 2017). Rob Scott who is the CEO of Wesfarmers said in the meeting that the organization is submitted with its nearby groups and limits its natural effect. With the assistance of his administration thoughts, the organization has possessed the capacity to give more chances to the general population to improve their activity execution and build up their professions. A relentless focus is maintained on providing safety in the workplace. Rob Scott has helped in providing and creating an inclusive work environment for the companys work force to enhance their performance (Galanou Farrag, 2015). He is considered as an effective leader as he has never given up on any tough situations and has always come out with the best solution to improve the condition. He was appointed as the CEO of the company recently due to his vast experience and knowledge. The company has always committed in coming up with innovative and creative ideas in its diverse businesses. He works for the betterment of the country as well as the country and has ideas for it. The team of Rob Scott always works to resolve the companys issues and as well as of the country. He has a team consisting of quality people which is one of the greatest competitive advantages. Apart from the employees, the company also appoints contractors in a range of roles (Gallos, 2014). The team works only for the betterment of the production of the organization. Due to the innovative ideas and working procedures of Rob Scott, the company has managed to gain several appreciations and applauds from the citizen as well as the employees even with him just recently taking up the CEO post. Apart from Australia, the company has his presence in other countries also like Bangladesh, Ireland, New Zealand and United Kingdom. The Chemicals, energy and fertilizers business of the company and the safety and industrial division are in the process of reconstructing, streamlining business and cutting costs. Besides, there is a plan to expand these businesses through small add-on acquisitions most likely. The companys Coles food and Liquor and Bunnings business have always been diversified over the year that has helped to increase the overall revenue of the company (Hurst, 2014). Over a long period of time, Wesfarmers has proved that it works very hard and has a very loyal band of shareholders who have enjoyed a long term price growth with the company. The company has thus emerged as one of the most important companies in Australia by employing more than 220,000 people and earning a place in the hearts of the people (Kim Yang, 2015). Lastly, Andy Penn the CEO of Telstra, one of the largest Australian telecommunications and Media Company aims to create a connected future for everyone with the help of his supportive team (Klaus Fernando, 2016). There is a huge development that one can see now in the broadcast communications industry with the system movement becoming speedier than some other timeframe and the consistently changing advanced innovation all through the world. Consequently, Telstra is at the core of this change and the organization designs in helping roll out this improvement occur by associating everything to everybody however much as could reasonably be expected. Andy Penn aims to create a brilliant connected future for everyone with the help of his supportive and expert team. He believes the brilliant connected future to be the most important aim of the company and feels responsible to build this connection for the nation and every market. The company serves everyone as it believes that a change cannot take place if only a few chosen ones benefit. When enough people are in to different technologies that create social, cultural and economic change, then that will be a great transformation for everyone. The purpose of the company is not just enough. Andy Penn believes that the values form the core to any business and so his great team aligns everything that they do with great value and ethics. The five core values that are followed in Telstra are care, togetherness, trust, simplicity and courage. By following these core values, the employees of the company measure all of their actions. Similarly, responsibility, determination, humility, desire to learn and the courage to fight challenges are the other key factors that the people working at Telstra follow in order to put the values into action. The company owns and maintains majority of public telephones in Australia. Later, with the invention of mobile phones, Telstra Mobile became and is still the largest mobile telephone service providers with both coverage and subscriptions. The first digital mobile network in Australia was the Telstras GSM network that was launched in 1993 (Pruzan, et al., 2017). The company also provides internet facilities for business as well as personal purposes. in the future, the company plans on delivering brilliant customer experiences by delighting the customers with the best items and administrations on the best systems with an administration, bolster system and deals that is straightforward and progressively computerized. Additionally, the organization will guarantee to persistently roll out improvements to guarantee that the center of the business is more productive, gainful, manageable, by concentrating on the client and income development and system prevalence. The company aims to expand the international infrastructure and service businesses. So in order to achieve these future aims and strategies, the company plans to invest more in delivering a better and unparalleled network coverage, speed, reliability and security for the people of the country. The people should benefit from an interrupted end to end usage experience of the network in the future. The company also aims to digitize its systems and processes to help the people get an excellent experience. By building and moving to digitals ways of working across the business, the company will be then able to give the people a great digital experience. Besides, Andy Penn and his team are also working on having a cultural shifts and build key capabilities. So for this, the company has also decide to refocus on their core values and ethics to get the desired cultural change throughout the company. Impacts of leadership in organization Andrew Mackenzie There is always a need to have the right type of leadership for any successful organization irrespective of its size or the industry. If there is good leadership then a company will be able to make progress and move forward in the right direction. Similarly, Andrew Mackenzie has moved towards the right direction by adopting to the perfect leadership traits (Mackenzie, 2017). His efforts and leadership qualities have made him earn a good reputation in the Australian market. Time management is one of the top most priority in his list as it is required to stay in touch with the stakeholders (Rakowski Mongan, 2014). His belief in allocating time in the same way one allocates capital is good and interesting. Due to his past experience and strong growth in the numerous projects in the company, he has managed to get the company to a high level. He also has the caliber to do more for the company in the future with his ambitious nature and straight forward thinking (Y?ld?r?m Birinci, 2013). Rob Scott Rob Scott can be called as a man with superior qualities and believe that makes him one of the best out of millions of others. His creative and new ideas and styles, his behaviors and his ability to deal with good as well as bad situations have made him a good leader. He is the perfect choice for leading the company as the CEO with his powerful and great factors (Heffernan, 2017). The company has managed to provide and deliver its stakeholders with satisfactory returns due to his financial discipline and exceptional management qualities. The company believes in having quality people for sustainable business (Spender, 2016). So, each Wesfarmers division operates as a separate business and each of it follows a distinct culture. Thus, his key focus is to always ensure that each divisions of the business have a strong management capability that is accountable to the day-to-day operational performance of the business. He makes sure that each division is looked after and overseen by expert team who are guided properly by a group wide operating cycle and governance framework (Spender, 2016). Andy Penn The most important aspect of a successful leader is that he should understand the importance of teamwork and must know how to incorporate the skills of everyone working with him (Ramli, 2017). If the leader is not able to work with the other people of the business to achieve the goal and objective of the business, then it will become a difficult task to gain the trust and respect of the employees. But Andy Penn has the right leadership qualities and is capable of working with the employees with dedication to achieve the organizations goal (Swanson Frederick, 2016). He has the perfect picture of how to incorporate the skills of everyone working in the company in the right direction. He has the capability to carry all the organizational stress and burden and at the same time he has the quality to manage the resources as per requirement. This extraordinary attitude has helped him in changing and shifting the cultural structure of the company as well (Watson Reissner, 2014). Organizational issues faced by: Andrew Mackenzie In any organization it is very obvious that some sort of organizational issues may build up at some point of time. Initially, Andrew Mackenzie had never thought of getting huge appreciation from the Australian citizens for his new developments (Mackenzie, 2017). But as he had a strong believe in the countrys people, he managed to make the company reach at the high level (Syed, et al., 2016). Recently, there was a drop in the total global iron ore production of the company because of the suspension of work at the BHPs operation Samarco and poor weather conditions during the period. Andrew Mackenzie did not have any action plan ready to push and meet the companys iron ore production at that time. But however, he did not give up and declared the potential to significantly grow despite of the company cutting down its iron ore production guidance this year. His hard work has finally paid off and he has successfully helped the citizens to climb up and has totally changed the market scenari o. He has managed to prepare the company in an incredibly flexible manner so that in the bad times when the market turns around, the company still stays at the top and successfully faces the challenge (Vaduva, et al., 2016). He has always worked hard and managed to handle tough situations. His work team has all the more been supportive and good with him due to the amount of faith and trust people have shown on his previous career road. He has never thought about just success and has always encouraged and motivated his team members to work had for the organizations objective (Verbos, Kennedy Claw, 2016). There were also some cultural issues that the organization faced. Even though he has managed to motivate the employees and the citizens of the country, there were certain issues in the initial stage which the business authorities least understood (Ramli, 2017). So, this somewhat lowered his self-confidence. But when one runs a business it is important to stay motivated. Thus, even in su ch situations, he should not worry and should work according to the demand and opinion of the business authorities (Visser, 2017). In my opinion, a leader has something positive to contribute in the organization. So even in tough situations, a leader should value and utilize this ability in humanity to motivate the individuals to exceed their normal capabilities for a bigger diversity. The same thing applies for Andrew Mackenzie as well who must ensure that the employees are united and face the obstacles with ease and dedication. All organizations face some type of organizational problems in the course of time. But the one who deals with them properly will surely get the fame and success in their life for their determination and will power to overcome the tough situations (Heffernan, 2017). Conclusion: The above discussed instances and study reveals that there are certain set of unique skills and talent which these three famous personalities possess. At bad times, there are things which people cant manage and cant control. Problems are a part of life and business cycle as well. A true leadership spirit is the one where the person fights and tries to overcome the problems. The inner spirit should always be strong and motivated towards fighting any hurdle and obstacle in order to achieve a high position in the world. References Arain, G. A., Sheikh, A., Hameed, I., Asadullah, M. A. (2017). Do as I Do: The Effect of Teachers Ethical Leadership on Business Students Academic Citizenship Behaviors.Ethics Behavior, 1-16. Arsezen-Otamis, P., Arikan-Saltik, I., Babacan, S. (2015). The Relationship Between Paternalistic Leadership and Business Performance in Small Tourism Businesses: The Moderating Role of Affective Organizational Commitment.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,207, 90-97. Baldarelli, M. G., Del Baldo, M. (2016). Ethics, gift and social innovation through CSR and female leadership in business administration in Italy.uwf UmweltWirtschaftsForum,24(2-3), 141-150. Baxter, J., Al-A'ali, H. (2014). 'Your situation is critical...': the discursive enactment of leadership by business women in Middle Eastern and Western European contexts.Gender Language,8(1). Blakeley, K. (2015). Inspiring responsible leadership in business schools: Can a spiritual approach help.Leadership development: Questions business schools dont ask, 151-163. Brandt, E. (2016). Locating sustainable leadership within a typology of leadership in business.International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise,3(3-4), 190-204. Cappelli, P., Singh, H., Singh, J., Useem, M. (2015). Indian business leadership: Broad mission and creative value.The Leadership Quarterly,26(1), 7-12. Chekwa, C., Ouhirra, L., Thomas, E., Chukwuanu, M. (2014). AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP ON BUSINESS ETHICS: EMPIRICAL STUDY.International Journal Of Business Public Administration,11(1). Christensen, J., Iderheim, V. (2017). A mutual path towards a sustainable future;-A multiple case study of the importance of industry-university partnerships for sustainable development and responsible leadership in business education. Galanou, A., Farrag, D. A. (2015). Towards the distinctive Islamic mode of leadership in business.Journal of Management Development,34(8), 882-900. Gallos, J. V. (Ed.). (2014).Business leadership: a Jossey-Bass reader. John Wiley Sons. Heffernan, M. (2017). New Wesfarmers boss to earn millions less than predecessor. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/wesfarmers-shakes-up-executive-ranks-reveals-ceo-pay-20170529-gwf7zg.html Hurst, D. K. (2014).The new ecology of leadership: Business mastery in a chaotic world. Columbia University Press. Kim, S. H., Yang, D. W. (2015). Empirical study on the influence of emotional leadership on business performance in the fashion industry-Focused on the moderating effects of organizational culture.The Research Journal of the Costume Culture,23(6), 1004-1020. Klaus, L., Fernando, M. (2016). Enacting spiritual leadership in business through ego-transcendence.Leadership Organization Development Journal,37(1), 71-92. Mackenzie, E. (2017). Extended interview with BHP's Andrew Mackenzie. ABC News. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/the-business/2017-08-22/extended-interview-with-bhps-andrew-mackenzie/8832584 Pruzan, P., Pruzan-Mikkelsen, K., Miller, D., Miller, W. (2017).Leading with wisdom: Spiritual-based leadership in business. Routledge. Rakowski, J., Mongan, M. (2014). Optimizing leadership and business performance: organizational development themes seen through the lens of classical viennese music.International Journal of Arts Sciences,7(4), 477. Ramli, D. (2017). Telstra CEO Andy Penn to sacrifice profits for growth. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/telstra-ceo-andy-penn-to-sacrifice-profits-for-growth-20150930-gjyjal.html Spender, J. C. (2016). Some thoughts on business leadership.Revue franaise de gestion, (3), 57-69. Swanson, D. L., Frederick, W. C. (2016). Denial and leadership in business ethics education.Business ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders, 222-240. Syed, R., Bandara, W., French, E., Stewart, G. (2016). The status of research on leadership in business process management: A call for action. Vaduva, S., Alistar, V. T., Thomas, A. R., Lupi?u, C. D., Neagoie, D. S. (2016).Moral Leadership in Business: Towards a Business Culture of Integrity. Springer. Verbos, A. K., Kennedy, D. M., Claw, C. M. (2016). Native American values applied to leadership and business ethics education. InTribal Wisdom for Business Ethics(pp. 111-123). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Visser, W. (2017).Sustainable frontiers: Unlocking change through business, leadership and innovation. Routledge. Watson, G., Reissner, S. (Eds.). (2014).Developing skills for business leadership. Kogan Page Publishers. Y?ld?r?m, N., Birinci, S. (2013). Impacts of organizational culture and leadership on business performance: A case study on acquisitions.Procedia-Social and Behavioral S-ciences,75, 71-82.

Scarlet Letter Analysis Essays - English-language Films,

Scarlet Letter Analysis The book The Scarlet Letter is all about symbolism. People and objects are symbolic of events and thoughts. Throughout the course of the book, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses Hester, Pearl, and Arthur Dimmesdale to signify Puritanic and Romantic philosophies. Hester Prynne, through the eyes of the Puritans, is an extreme sinner; she has gone against the Puritan ways, committing adultery. For this irrevocably harsh sin, she must wear a symbol of shame for the rest of her life. However, the Romantic philosophies of Hawthorne put down the Puritanic beliefs. She is a beautiful, young woman who has sinned, but is forgiven. Hawthorne portrays Hester as "divine maternity" and she can do no wrong. Not only Hester, but the physical scarlet letter, a Puritanical sign of disownment, is shown through the author's tone and diction as a beautiful, gold and colorful piece. Pearl, Hester's child, is portrayed Puritanically, as a child of sin who should be treated as such, ugly, evil, and shamed. The reader more evidently notices that Hawthorne carefully, and sometimes not subtly at all, places Pearl above the rest. She wears colorful clothes, is extremely smart, pretty, and nice. More often than not, she shows her intelligence and free thought, a trait of the Romantics. One of Pearl's favorite activities is playing with flowers and trees. (The reader will recall that anything affiliated with the forest was evil to Puritans. To Hawthorne, however, the forest was beautiful and natural.) "And she was gentler here [the forest] than in the grassy- margined streets of the settlement, or in her mother's cottage. The flowers appeared to know it" (194) Pearl fit in with natural things. Also, Pearl is always effervescent and joyous, which is definitely a negative to the Puritans. Pearl is a virtual shouting match between the Puritanical views and the Romantic ways. To most, but especially the Puritans, one of the most important members of a community is the religious leader; Arthur Dimmesdale is no exception. He was held above the rest, and this is proven in one of the first scenes of the book. As Hester is above the townspeople on a scaffold, Dimmesdale, Governor Wilson, and others are still above her. But, as the reader soon discovers, Arthur Dimmesdale is his own worst enemy. He hates himself and must physically inflict pain upon himself. "He thus typified the constant introspection wherewith he tortured, but could not purify, himself" to never forget what he has done (141). To Dimmesdale, it is bad that Hester is shown publicly as a sinner, but people forget that. What is far worse than public shame is Dimmesdale's own cruel inner shame. Knowing what only he and Hester know, the secret eats away at every fiber of Dimmesdale's being. As the Puritans hold up Dimmesdale, the Romantics level him as a human. The Scarlet Letter is a myriad of allegorical theories and philosophies. Ranging from Puritanic to Romantic, Nathaniel Hawthorne embodies his ideas to stress his Romantic philosophies through Pearl, Hester, and Dimmesdale throughout all of this.

To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Essay Example

To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Essay Example To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Paper To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Paper Essay Topic: Love in Excess Leaderships in Fieldss runing from military and political relations to concern and even instruction have been posed with the pick of transfusing love or fright among their several followings. Traits like heat and trustiness of a leader instill love among followings and fright of a leader originates largely from his strength and competency. Although there are legion other traits in a leader. heat and strength are the most influential. Harmonizing to psychological science. a major portion of other people’s perceptual experience about a individual is determined by these two dimensions of personality ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . The quandary of the pick between these two is inherently present in the nature of the two extremes i. e. either of the picks will do you fall at the opposing terminals of the human emotional spectrum. It is interesting to observe that the inquiry of taking between the two extremes is non a new one. Tracing this riddle back to the 16th century takes us to the Hagiographas of Machiavelli. His political doctrine in ‘The Prince’ acknowledges the best leaders to command both fright and love. Having said that. Machiavelli recognizes the opposite mutual opposition of the two emotions and maintains that since it is hard to unite both in one individual. it is better to be feared as a leader than to be loved ( Machiavelli. 2003. p. 53 ) . Today. about five hundred old ages subsequently. the Machiavellian construct of a feared leader is still rather strictly followed by leaders in Fieldss including concern. The issue that crops up here is the overemphasis on soft emotions like love in about every aspect of life as opposed to the usage of fright when it comes to leading. If worlds are managed better through fright. what is the topographic point of emotions like love. empathy and compassion in organisational kineticss and leading? Another facet that relates to this leading pick is the development of society over clip and the consequence of civilisation on human behaviour and manner of direction. For case. has the alteration from bossy to democratic societies and the alteration from perpendicular to horizontal manner of direction in organisations affected the mentality of people including the leaders and followings? From what I have observed while helping my male parent in political relations and supervising my household concern in Pakistan is that people are more antiphonal to a leader who demonstrates strength as opposed to a leader who shows heat. The first thing that came to my head was that this reaction is likely due to the fact that Pakistan is a underdeveloped state germinating into a enlightened society. I justified the fright theoretical account with retardation of the country and attributed it partially to cultural norms. But it was instead surprising to larn that this theoretical account is still practiced rather often in the developed universe every bit good. Taking the illustration of Texas Tech’s manager. Bobby Knight. who is widely respected for his leading. had adopted the same fright theoretical account. His abrasiveness dragged him into many contentions including the one where he allegedly choked a participant in pattern ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . It can be argued that some Fieldss like organized athleticss. military or fabricating industry require such rigorous leading as keeping the concatenation of bid is of extreme importance. However. cognition industry has no such limitations but the same theoretical account has been applied there in assorted instances. I personally know a few successful concern proprietors in the US who rely on a stiff. strength based theoretical account to acquire the best out of their employees. On the flipside there are leaders who rely on trust and heat to pull out similar efficiency from their squads. Contrasting Bobby Knight’s illustration with Mike Kerzyzewski ( Coach K ) of Duke. we see that both of them commanded regard and following but their coaching attacks were pole apart. Coach K’s leading manner was based on unfastened communicating and compassion as opposed to Bobby Knight’s fierce attack ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . Similarly. India’s reverent leader. Mahatma Gandhi is another illustration of commanding regard and following through love and heat. Furthermore. there’s the narrative of the General who went manner beyond the call of responsibility to personally cognize all of the officers developing under him ( Cohen. 2008. p. 149 ) . The General’s gesture was one of pure heat. This could be seen as an statement in favour of pertinence of the love theoretical account in any organisation regardless of its map and kineticss. Last. I would mention to the treatment in category where it was established that interpersonal accomplishments that come from emotional intelligence and emotional quotient are much of import for directors than proficient accomplishments that use academic intelligence and intelligence quotient. Based on the statements so far. it would be safe to state that leading can hold much more to make with heat and empathy than it is accredited for. And that the love theoretical account. like the fright theoretical account cuts across civilization. Fieldss and clip. There is ample grounds to back up both of the theoretical accounts of leading under assorted fortunes. What determines the effectivity of leaders is their ability to acquire an emotional response from followings. The response can be of fright or of love. Harmonizing to Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby ( 2004. p. 15 ) . what matters is the determination devising. If the determinations taken by the leader are just. people will react to both heats and strength. But If the determination devising is arbitrary. people will discontinue to react to either emotion. However. experts differ in their sentiments about whether fright is more long lasting or love. Some feel that fright is more dependable as it has dread and penalty associated with it ( Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby. 2004. p. 17 ) . While others believe that love and trust overpowers all other emotions ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . Since these are sentiments and we have seen both the attacks work in an every bit efficient mode. there is no manner to take one or the other. So. it boils down to a affair of penchant for me. Psychologists might hold farther insight into how the human head plants and receives certain stimulations to bring forth a response. It might do it easier to take one emotion but for the affair of this paper I found something else that might assist me make a decision. So. I’ll focal point on that. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012. p. 75 ) believe that leading is personalized and that each leader has to calculate out his strengths and follow a method that suits him/her best. Psychology divides the human personality into five different classs. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012 ) talk about pull offing your built-in psychological inclinations and aline them with one leading manner. If I apply it to the fright or love theoretical account under treatment. it would intend that it is better for the leader with an agreeable personality to seek and transfuse love among followings and an extravert to possibly utilize the fright theoretical account. However. this should be done carefully. The agreeable leader demands to do certain that he is non excessively considerate. This can be done by somewhat changing the built-in ‘need to be liked’ . The leader should larn to concentrate on equity instead than likeability ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 88 ) . Similarly. the leader with an extravert personality should do certain that he/she is non excessively self-asserting or aggressive when taking up the fright theoretical account ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 81 ) . Small accommodations can take attention of this issue every bit good. In add-on to alining the leading manner with their personality. leaders need to do certain that they analyze each state of affairs independently. I would take the autonomy of slackly using Peter Drucker’s advice approximately scheme to the pick between transfusing love or fright among employees. Drucker’s thought is non to establish scheme on a fixed expression. but to accommodate it harmonizing to the state of affairs ( Cohen. 2008. p. 203 ) . Leaderships should besides believe of the best manner a one leading manner would be good for them in one place at a certain house and another for a different place in a different house. For some people this might use from undertaking to project. But I tend to believe of it as a medium-term program. I say this because I feel that leading manner should non be every bit unstable as your pique. Otherwise. there is no point in taking up one manner or the other. In the concluding analysis about following a stance of strength or heat as a leader. I have reached the decision that neither of the two attacks is inherently more effectual than the other. There is grounds of effectivity of both methods over clip. regardless of cultural or geographical boundaries. The result of a peculiar attack would mostly vary from leader to leader and partially from state of affairs to state of affairs. However. certain steps like equity demand to be ensured no affair what attack is taken. The reply to why a apparently positive ( warm ) attack does non arouse a greater response as compared to a negative ( fear-inducing ) attack likely lies either in the individualism of worlds and the corporate diverseness in the personalities of different followings or in the mental make-up of worlds. MentionsCohen. W. A. ( 2008 ) . You must cognize your people to take them. In A category with Drucker: The lost lessons of the world’s greatest direction instructor ( pp. 147-159 ) . New York. New york: American Management Association. Cohen. W. A. ( 2008 ) . Base your scheme on the state of affairs. non on a expression. In A category with Drucker: The lost lessons of the world’s greatest direction instructor ( pp. 201-214 ) . New York. New york: American Management Association. Cuddy. A. J. C. . Kohut. M. . A ; Neffinger. J. ( 2013 ) . Connect. so lead. Harvard Business Review. 91 ( 7 ) . 54-61. Gittell. J. H. . Ledeen. M. A. . A ; Maccoby. M. ( 2004 ) . Leadership and the fright factor. MIT Sloan Management Review. 45 ( 2 ) . 14-18. Machiavelli. N. ( 2003 ) . Cruelty and compassion ; and whether it is better to be loved than feared. or the contrary. In G. Bull. A ; A. Grafton ( Translation ) . The Prince ( Reissue Ed. . pp. 53-55 ) . London. United kingdom: Penguin Classicss. Snook. S. A. ( 2008 ) . Love and fright and the modern foreman. Harvard Business Review. 86 ( 1 ) . 16-17. Toegel. G. A ; Barsoux. J-L. ( 2012 ) . How to go a better leader. MIT Sloan Management Review. 53 ( 3 ) . 75-92.

Essay on the Civil RightEssay Writing Service

Essay on the Civil RightEssay Writing Service Essay on the Civil Right Essay on the Civil RightThe provision of African Americans with equal voting rights was an essential step toward the inclusion of the African American community into the political life of the US. At the same time, the introduction of the Voting Rights Act was the response of the US legislators on the growing public pressure and persisting Civil Rights movement.At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the introduction of the Voting Rights Act was essential because it is through voting and elections Americans can exercise their political rights and take part in the political life of the country. Moreover, voting rights granted for African Americans had opened the way to their wider representation in the US politics. In such a way, African Americans had become an influential group of voters, whose position was important, especially in those states, where they comprised a large share of the total population.The Voting Rights Act was one of the important steps along with the C ivil Rights Act toward the inclusion of African Americans in all spheres of the social, political, and economic life. In this regard, the 1966 White House Conference on Civil Rights complemented and enhanced the legal changes introduced under the impact of the Civil Rights movement. In fact, these legislative changes contributed to the overall improvement of the position of African Americans but racial inequality persisted because equal rights and liberties, which they had got under the impact of the Civil Rights movement, faced persisting gaps with opportunities which could have helped to realize civil rights and liberties of African Americans.Thus, the Civil Rights movement had enhanced civil rights and liberties of African Americans but still they had not closed opportunity gaps between racial minorities and the white majority.

Business Principles of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival Essay

Business Principles of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival - Essay Example Even though the economic impact of the festival remains a major concern, there was an agreement with the major stakeholders that it was vital to look into other aspects of the festival. The Edinburgh festival attracts all kinds of performers ranging from regular school boys to star actors. With more than 260 performance venues, such as dim vaults, giant theatres, and moving buses the event has the capacity to hold thousands of actors. All the venues available manage to hold more than 2,000shows in the 25 day long festival. The establishment of the Scottish parliament has to a large extent altered the political landscape. Edinburgh is considered as the standard –bearer for Scotland and a very vital in promoting and strengthening the pride of the Scottish people and their identity as a whole. However, there has been a very great concern by most people and even politicians in Scotland that Edinburgh is not getting the recognition it deserves as a cultural ambassador. This is with due to the numerous festivals that Edinburgh has organized and hosted with very limited resources. In that aspect parliament has come up with certain legislations to help boost the cultural events in their quest to promote the Scottish culture. Nationally Edinburgh is faced with numerous challenges. Whereas there are some people who are of the opinion that a lot of resources is being allocated to the capital, there are some who are of the opinion that Edinburgh festivals may play a very crucial role in promoting the national economy through cultural tourism (British Association of Social Workers 1976, 87). Certainly the Edinburgh’s economic position can be termed as healthy due to some various factors such as low unemployment rates and projected growth in job opportunities. In a research carried out in Scotland in respect to the highest revenue earners for the country. In the year 2010, tourism accounted for about 1.5bn pounds of expenditure by

A critical assessment of a marketing execution Essay - 1

A critical assessment of a marketing execution - Essay Example Consumers have power in the baby product industry because they can always go to another location. There are many competitors and decision makers and Johnsons & Johnsons need to develop a corporate growth strategy to increase their penetration of current product-markets. The organization’s web page is full of promotional activities to attract customers and increase their market penetration. In order to attract customers to new class offerings, their webpage says, â€Å"at Johnson & Johnsons we recognize that times are hard, so we want to help you tighten your belt this June with an automatic 10% off your membership† (Johnson & Johnsons 1). The organization is also updating their facility on a continual basis to improve their facilities. Facilities like these increase market penetration. Johnsons and Johnsons marketing strategy tends to be more aggressive rather than passive, reactor or analyzer. Their target market is new moms who are almost hosting the first birthday for their children. They are actively trying to stimulate new marketing opportunities and develop new products. They have an extensive staff with different strategic business units. New product development is actively pursued† (Eisma 1). Part of the marketing department is advertising plan is to offer free or reduced price classes to both new and regular members. They also go out of their way to attract members who have stopped using their products. No successful marketing strategy is entirely focused on one plan. Marketers look at what is happening on a local, national, and international levels so that they could adapt their offerings and expand their offerings appropriately. An organization’s performance goals are often â€Å"linked to accountability and could involve problem-solving, innovation, or implementation of some type of improvement† which might enhance current performance or prepare a group for a new role (Kokemuller 1). They need to be

Using material from item A and elsewher Essay Example for Free

Using material from item A and elsewher Essay Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess the view that the growth of religious fundamentalism is a reaction to globalisation As mentioned in item A ‘much has been written about the decline of religious beliefs and the secularisation of modern societies’ this states that the growth of fundamentalism represents a culture which tends to be a clash between the sacred an secular. Fundamentalism refers to ‘black and white’ thinking that opposes modernism or any sort of progressive beliefs about religion and social topics. Rejecting modern beliefs does not particularly make fundamentalist group violent. Whilst the item mentions ‘they reject modern interpretations o faith as having lost their ways because teachings have been watered down’ this supports the idea that fundamentalist groups tend to oppose anything that challenges their religious interpretations and opinions. There are various characteristics of fundamentalism; a sociologist Bruce indicates the fact that religious text are seen as perfect. Referring back to the item it suggests that ‘fundamentalism seek a return to a literal interpretation of their holy book and strict obedience to religious teachings’ this supports Bruce idea as such holy teaching must be read literally-be it the bible, quran or the torah for e.g. Homosexuality is seen to be a sin, and fundamentalist groups are strongly against this view. Although there are many holy teachings and beliefs, one consequence of this is that fundamentalism rejects religious pluralism; there can be but one literal truth. This reflects on the important implications for what school teach for e.g. in some Christian schools in USA, the obect the scientific explanations of creation. Another aspect of fundamentalist is there is a profound rejection of modern society. Living in the modern world is seen as problematic because of the variety of choice; including too much choice of religion, sexuality, lifestyle etc. As mentioned in the item ‘while fundamentalism may have views that differ greatly from the mainstream’ this supports the perception that fundamentalists reject the idea of choice and assert the value of tradition. Lastly, another characteristic is activism. Activism is strongly encouraged whereby fundamentalists are vocal in their struggle of good against evil. In their ways of active approach many fundamentalists resort to violence in bid to express both their hatred of modernity and the need for tradition values to return for all. Examples of extremist fundamentalism include the shooting of  Malala, bombing of abortion clinics, 9/11 etc, Islamic fundamentalists. Quoting from the item ‘some sociologists argue that one response to globalisation has been the growth of religious fundamentalists’ This was the central view of Giddens whom mentioned that globalisation has turned the whole planet earth into a ‘global village’ such that every point o n the planet is constant and lose touch with the rest of the world via electronic, satellite or telephone communication. This has had a huge impact on fundamentalism. There are clear examples of how globalisation has helped fundamentalist groups for e.g. Terrorist groups such al-qaeda have various websites to both communication members and grow in numbers. Depite the fact that fundamentalists are against modernity, they can be seen as hypocritical groups as they tend to use modern ways and technology to spread their views. Another clear example is represented by the Miss World beauty Pageant in Nigeria 2002 A ‘blasphemous’ article was published by a newspaper office suggesting the prophet Muhammed (pbuh) would have liked a Miss World Beauty Queen. This had raised riots by Muslim fundamentalists which claimed over 100 lives. Assessing the view that globalisation has a growing state of fundamentalists, if such articles were not published, would there be such a large scale of fundamentalist activity? However growth in fundamentalism can be due to other factors beside globalisation. A response to secularisation; once again Bruce identifies fundamentalism is caused by secularisation- he argues the decline in religion in modern society, combining the views of science and rationality, undermines traditional faiths which supports evidence from the item as it mentions ‘but fundamentalism seems to go against this trend’ and therefore this does not truly suggest that globalisation is the main reaction to the growth of fundamentalist groups. Almond et al agree secularisation and modernisation produces fundamentalist however implying that it is caused by facets such as low levels of education and high levels of inequality, economic problems displacement of people by war, and western resentment and hatred. This also ties in with such facts that fundamentalism is more likely to develop when; there is just one sacred perfect text which followers can argue, a religion must have a common enemy etc. Such aspects determine that globalisation is not the only factor, there are many other ways of fundamentalist groups increasing Another aspect may be certainty in a world of choice.  Fundamentalists groups tend to have an appeal to those who seek a moral anchor in a world of unlimited choice i.e. young people. Modernity creates a moral ambiguity- unaware of what to do and therefore leading to a profusion of choice and a lack of guidance. This verifies the idea that globalisation is not the only reason as to why fundamentalists is growing, but attracting people in other ways. Lastly, Karen Armstrongs view also supports the view that it is not due to globalization. She argues there is nothing in Islamic religion which tends to lead towards fundamentalist beliefs. Many Islamic leaders and followers are in favour of westernisation and modernisation. However her argument differs to many as she states that the west has tried to impose modernisation too rapidly in these countries and as a result, this has lead to mass resentment f the west by many Islamic populations in the world, thus encouraging Islamic fundamentalism. In conclusion, although gloablisation does play a major role as to why fundamentalist groups are promptly growing, we cannot assume this is the only way. Assessing the view of this, it does need to be taken into consideration that there are other elements which have an impact of fundamentalist groups vastly spreading such as secularisation, economic problems, certainty in a world of choice etc.

The Beatles :: Essay on The Beatles

The The English ROCK MUSIC group The Beatles gave the 1960s its characteristic musical flavor and had a profound influence on the course of popular music, equaled by few performers. The guitarists John Winston Lennon, b. Oct. 9, 1940; James Paul McCartney, b. June 18, 1942; and George Harrison, b. Feb. 25, 1943; and the drummer Ringo Starr, b. Richard Starkey, July 7, 1940, were all born and raised in Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney had played together in a group called The Quarrymen. With Harrison, they formed their own group, The Silver Beatles, in 1959, and Starr joined them in 1962. As The Beatles, they developed a local following in Liverpool clubs, and their first recordings, "Love Me Do" (1962) and "Please Please Me" (1963), quickly made them Britain's top rock group. Their early music was influenced by the American rock singers Chuck BERRY and Elvis PRESLEY, but they infused a hackneyed musical form with freshness, vitality, and wit. The release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in 1964 marked the beginning of the phenomenon known as "Beatlemania" in the United States. The Beatles' first U.S. tour aroused a universal mob adulation. Their concerts were scenes of mass worship, and their records sold in the millions. Their first film, the innovative A Hard Day's Night (1964), was received enthusiastically by a wide audience that included many who had never before listened to rock music. Composing their own material (Lennon and McCartney were the major creative forces), The Beatles established the precedent for other rock groups to play their own music. Experimenting with new musical forms, they produced an extraordinary variety of songs: the childishly simple "Yellow Submarine"; the bitter social commentary of "Eleanor Rigby"; parodies of earlier pop styles; new electronic sounds; and compositions that were scored for cellos, violins, trumpets, and sitars, as well as for conventional guitars and drums. Some enthusiasts cite the albums Rubber Soul (1965) and Revolver (1966) as the apex of Beatle art, although Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), perhaps the first rock album designed thematically as a single musical entity, is more generally considered their triumph. The group disbanded in 1970, after the release of their final album, Let It Be, and during the 1970s pursued individual careers. On Dec. 8, 1980, John Lennon was fatally shot outside his Manhattan apartment by Mark Chapman, a 25-year-old former mental patient who, earlier that same day, had asked Lennon for his autograph. Lennon's murder was universally mourned with an intensity of feeling usually inspired only by political and spiritual leaders. Bibliography: The Beatles Complete, 2

Biochemistry Fats, Diet, and Heart Disease

Biochemistry Fats, Diet, and Heart Disease ‘Fat’ can sometime be a word that gives people the chills when they hear about it. It is one of the three main sources of calories to our diet and a major part of ones dietary requirement. There are three kinds of fat: saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated. The degree of saturation is dependent on the amount of double and triple bonds in the chemical makeup. Saturated fats are known to increase the body's levels of serum (blood) cholesterol. Along with cholesterol, saturated fats can deposit on the inner walls of blood vessels; a condition known as atherosclerosis.When the heart's arteries become clogged with cholesterol and fats, blood flow can be restricted or totally blocked, leading to severe chest pain and heart attack. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats actually have a cholesterol-lowering effect. By substituting polyunsaturated fats for the saturated fats in your diet, you can actually help control choleste rol levels. Too much dietary fat can also contribute to overweight. Being overweight can aggravate high blood pressure, place excess strain on your heart, and make it more difficult to stay active and physically fit, thus having a negative impact on your overall cardiovascular health.For about three decades, health institutions like the American Heart Association, National Institutes of Health, World Health Organization, and others advised people to reduce dietary fat by limiting fat intake to fewer than 30 percent of daily calories. Their claim was that a low fat diet ultimately resulted in the reduction or elimination of risk for heart disease although; there wasn't much evidence to support the notion of low-fat diets in the beginning.In an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on February 8, 2006, in a 8th year Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial, about 49,000 women with almost identical rates of heart attack, stroke, and other form s of cardiovascular disease were followed to see the effect of a low-fat diet and those not on the diet. Their results showed that women on the low-fat diet didn't lose or gain any more weight than women who followed their usual diets. The important thing to note from these kinds of studies was the type of fat in the diet.For example the Mediterrean style diet is high in fat but these fats are from plant sources such as olive oil, nuts and seeds which are low in saturated fat intake. The ‘Western† diet on the other hand has fats from animal sources which are usually saturated and produces a higher risk for heart disease. In conclusion, as research grows on diet and heart disease, it’s becoming clearer that looking at a single nutrient in isolation cannot tell us the whole story about a person’s heart disease risk. People eat foods, not nutrients, and they eat them in an overall dietary pattern.The traditional Mediterranean Diet pattern, in contrast, appears to lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, and metabolic syndrome, a constellation of factors that increases the chances of developing heart disease and diabetes. So if you are concerned about heart health, pay attention to your overall diet, not just to the type of fat. Citation Barbara, H. (2006) et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Medical Association. Retrieved from http://jama. ama-assn. org/content/29 5/6/655. full

Comparison of Filing Systems

Everyday, 21 million general office documents, 76 million letters, 234 million photocopies, and 6oo million computer printouts, all in paper, are produced by organizations in America alone. These figures came out from a study by the International Data Corp. All of these amount to paper-based files that are invaluable to the maintenance and progress of institutions.However, as much as resources only become assets if properly handled, these files are only of as much use as an institution knows where they are, and how to access the data they contain (Langemo and Robles).In order to realize this, it is necessary for an agency or office to establish a filing system that satisfies both the criteria of effectiveness and efficiency (Texas State Library and Archives Commission). For this, there are a number of selections. Therefore, it is essential to compare and contrast the features that each filing system can offer so that a reasonable choice can be made.Let us first consider the Alphabeti c filing system. Also referred to as a â€Å"direct-access system,† it is the most extensively employed classification system. As the term† direct-access† implies, its advantage is that it is user-friendly because anyone wanting to access information from the files need not check with an index.A user only needs to identify the first letter of the label of the data in question and search for it among the files in the order that it appears in the alphabet. Though there is a standard prescribed in using an alphabetical filing system, most offices alphabetize their files loosely according to their prerogative scheme (Langemo and Robles).A seeming upgraded version of the alphabetic system is the Geographical classification system. In this system, files are arranged by geographic location, e.g. by city, county, province, state, region, or country, and are further positioned in alphabetical order. Today, government offices and petroleum industries still employ the Geogra phic classification system in filing land-oriented records (Langemo and Robles).Meanwhile, when certain type of records requires numeric ordering, Numeric classification systems are employed. This type of filing system makes it easier to manage paper documents either by numbering the border of end-tabbed folders, or by utilizing shelf filing equipment, computer index databases, and color coding schemes (Langemo and Robles).Finally, when it is inappropriate to categorize records according to names either by individuals, organizations, institutions, locations, or agencies, Subject filing systems are used. This system is divided into two arrangements: dictionary and encyclopedic. When the topics of the files are arranged alphabetically, they are in dictionary arrangement. Meanwhile, in an encyclopedic arrangement, associated items in a subject file are classified alphabetically under a superior caption (Langemo and Robles).All of these four filing systems are advantageous for specific types of files. It is up to the agencies to evaluate which among these filing systems is appropriate for them. Failure to identify this can lead to a waste of time, money, resources, or worse, legal complications. The decision making practices of an institution will significantly be more effective if fitting filing system is employed (Texas State Library and Archives Commission).Reference CitedLangemo M., and Marcel Robles. â€Å"Upgrade Your Office Filing System.† Office Dealer and Office Solutions Magazine. Feature. December 2001. 22 Sept. 2006. .Texas State Library and Archives Commission. â€Å"Filing Systems.† Records Management Publications. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. 26 Sept. 2002. 22 Sept. 2006. < http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/slrm/recordspubs/fs.html>.

Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essays

Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essays Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essay Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essay Elderly care between the United States and Japan The difference between Japan and the United States and the care of the elderly is like night and day. The customs between the two cultures are separated by the differences in the respect for the elderly, what is considered acceptable care and how care is provided. These are just the surface of the cultural differences and the basics of elder care should be considered. This is only for care of a fairly healthy person that has just gotten older and needs help in day to day activities but not completely helpless, or hindered by dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. In Japan the elderly are considered a person of knowledge and is to be respected for that knowledge and experience. The elders are the center of the family group because of the life they have led has brought the family to where they are in life today. Usually the In-laws are brought into the family home when they can no longer care for themselves or considered to be infirmed due to illness or disease. The care given is usually done by the women in the house hold but the men, usually the oldest son, has become the primary care giver in recent years. SO Long, PB Harris. (2000). This has been the the family unit for generations and continues to be to this very day. In the United states the Elderly or infirmed are looked upon as an Individual that has already lived a full life and seem to be pitied for living to be so old. They are not respected in the way the Japanese family do. They usually have to turn to retirement homes or what is called extended care facilities. This does create quite the financial burden and will usually drain any kind of savings they have. The facilities are not like a home with all the busy plans and schedules for the children or family events. The care given in these facilities are usually less than what most people, at that age, try to live at but it is all they can afford. In Japan the care that is provided in the home can cover a lot from bathing to cooking to just general housekeeping and laundry. If the Elderly need something more like treatments, medical procedures, or long term hospital tays the family will do everything that is feasible to help with this, either financially or physically making things work to make the elder comfortable. In the United States if the elder has moved in it would be with their own son not the individuals in-laws if at all possible. The level of care would only be determined by the amount of time the son has to give to the elder. The respect would start to wane after a time and roles would be reversed, father is no-longer the head of house and the son is, and tensions would rise. Eventually the elder would be placed in a nursing home or a care facility of some kind. This is always sad to see, but just about every month in the United States there is an article in the news about some nursing home abuse. The different cultures of the United States and Japan are so wildly different that the health care system reforms that the united states has put into place may just bring the elderly back into the family unit but that us another subject. The Level of care and the accepted standards of each culture is almost completely polar opposite. How Japan cares for the elderly in a family unit and the United States depends on its own healthcare system, retirement homes and nursing homes or even extended care facilities, to reliably take care of their elderly. The level of respect for the elderly is provided in Japan has my attention and I wonder if there is some way to turn the United States people around to that way of thinking? REFERENCES SO Long, PB Harris. (2000). Gender and elder care: social change and the role of the caregiver in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 3(1), 21. Retrieved April 16, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 407135091).

Peacock Facts (Pavo sp. and Afropavo sp.)

Peacock Facts (Pavo sp. and Afropavo sp.) Peacocks are birds known for their showy plumage and piercing calls. While both males and females are often called peacocks, really only the male is the peacock. The female is a peahen, while the young are peachicks. Collectively, they are properly known as peafowl. Fast Facts: Peacock Scientific Name: Pavo cristatus; Pavo muticus; Afropavo congensisCommon Names: Peacock, Indian peacock, blue peafowl, green peafowl, Java peafowl, African peacock, Congo peafowl, mbuluBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 3.0-7.5 feetWeight: 6-13 poundsLifespan: 15-20 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Forests of India, Southeast Asia, and Congo Basin of AfricaPopulation: ThousandsConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered (depending on species) Species Peafowl belong to the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The three genera are Pavo cristatus, the Indian or blue peacock; Pavo muticus, the Java or green peafowl; and Afropavo congensis, the African peafowl or mbulu. There are also subspecies of green peafowl. The male green peafowl and female Indian peafowl can mate to produce a fertile hybrid called a spalding. Description Peacocks are easily identified by their fan-like crest of feathers and long train of colorful eye-spot feathers. Male birds have spurs on their legs which they use for territorial disputes with other males. While peahens have a feathered crest, they lack the elaborate train. Both males and females have iridescent feathers. Actually, the feathers are brown, but crystalline structures produce vibrant blue, green, and gold colors by the scattering and interference of light. The body of the blue peacock appears blue, while the body of the green peacock appears green. The African peacock is a darker blue-green and brown. Chicks bear cryptic coloring in shades of tan and brown that help them blend in with their environment. Both males and females are large birds, but males are about twice the length of females because of their feather train. On average, adults range from three to over seven feet from beak to tail tip. They weigh between six and thirteen pounds. African or Congo peafowl have shorter trains the green or blue peafowl. Stan Osolinski, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Originally, the Indian peacock came from the Indian subcontinent. Now it is widely distributed across South Asia. Green peafowl live in Southeast Asia, including China, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Java. The African peacock is native to the Congo Basin. The three peafowl species do not naturally overlap ranges. All three species prefer forested habitats. Diet and Behavior Like other pheasants, peafowl are omnivorous, basically eating anything that fits in their beaks. They eat fruits, insects, crops, garden plants, seeds, insects, small mammals, and small reptiles. At night, peacocks fly to tree branches to roost in family units. Reproduction and Offspring The breeding season is variable and depends largely on rain. Males fan their feathers to attract a mate. A female may select a mate based on several factors, which include the visual display, its low-frequency vibration (picked up by the females crest feathers), or the males call. A blue peacock has a harem of two to three peahens, while green and African peafowl tend to be monogamous. After mating, the female scrapes a shallow nest in the ground and lays between four and eight buff-colored eggs. She incubates the eggs, which hatch after 28 days. Only the female cares for the chicks, which follow her around or may be carried on her back when she flies to roost. Peafowl reach sexual maturity at two to three years of age. In the wild, they live between 15 and 20 years, but they may live 30 years in captivity. Green peahen with chicks. Ronald Leunis / EyeEm, Getty Images Conservation Status Peafowl conservation status depends on species. The IUCN classifies the conservation status of the Indian peacock as least concern. The bird enjoys wide distribution across Southeast Asia, with a wild population over 100,000. The IUCN lists the Congo peafowl as vulnerable and decreasing in population. In 2016, the number of mature birds was estimated to range between 2,500 and 10,000. The green peafowl is endangered. Fewer than 20,000 mature birds remain in the wild, with a decreasing population. Threats Peacocks face numerous threats, including habitat loss and degradation, hunting, poaching and predation. Green peacocks are further endangered by introduction of hybrid birds into wild populations. Peafowl and Humans Blue peacocks are agricultural pests in some regions. Peafowl readily breed in captivity. They are most often kept for the beauty and their feathers and sometimes for meat. Peacock feathers are collected after the male molts each year. While peafowl are affectionate toward their owners, they can be aggressive toward strangers. Sources BirdLife International 2016. Afropavo congensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679430A92814166. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679430A92814166.enBirdLife International 2016. Pavo cristatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679435A92814454. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679435A92814454.enBirdLife International 2018. Pavo muticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679440A131749282. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679440A131749282.enGrimmett, R.; Inskipp, C.; Inskipp, T. Birds of India: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-691-04910-6.  Johnsgard, P.A. The Pheasants of the World: Biology and Natural History. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 374, 1999. ISBN 1-56098-839-8.

The role of the teacher in teaching and learning mathematics Coursework

The role of the teacher in teaching and learning mathematics - Coursework Example spects that inform the existing teaching practices while leading to the modification of learner perception of the mathematics environment (Norton & DAmbrosio, 2008). Feedback is needed as students require information on their accomplishments for purposes of growing and progressing. Integration of maths in the learning areas is related to teaching mathematics and its outcomes. For example, testing requires a consideration of opportunities for learning mathematics. Additionally, mathematics teachers should be aware of how students progress and troublesome areas (Cooke & Buchholz, 2005). The early childhood teacher has a critical role in teaching and learning mathematics through questioning of constructivist environments. For example, the roles of mathematics teachers in questioning can be group discussions to enhance students’ participation in different classroom activities, it is critical to appreciate roles of efficient. Feedback that is related to the assessment of outcomes allows for learners to be aware of gaps existing between desired goals and current knowledge (Arthur, Death, Dockett & Farmer, 2012).The application of questioning within constructivist environment allows for feedback. Further illustrations steered questioning in a constructivist environment involves relating to early childhood classroom. The approach enhances students’ participation in classroom activities while teachers play important roles for the enhancement of student’s participation in classroom activities. A positive impact on mathematics teachers in childhood years promotes mathematics learning. The engagement of questioning through constructivist environment is related to sharing mathematics as an important component. The mathematics classroom assessment is defined a context created for students learners. The early childhood teacher has a critical role in the teaching and learning of mathematics and use of play resources and hands in rich environments. Understanding

Slingshot Video Reflection Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slingshot Video Reflection Assignment - Essay Example Drag racing are not only fun to watch but also more engaging when one take it seriously from a mere spectator to a participant. I may not be a drag racer myself but I have been to one of the races and I can relate to the adrenaline and â€Å"high† that the racers could feel in drag racing. Our need for speed will always be there and this fascination for speed was the motivation of the growth of drag racing from a mere small number of slingshot dragsters to a major grandstand spectator event with all the sponsors and media exposure. Drag racing however did not start as big as it is now. Upon watching the video, it only had approximately 300 spectators with a meager price of $10. I was not however surprised with its humble beginning. Reflecting on it, almost all sports and endeavors started small and this includes drag racing which started from its slingshot beginnings. With the commitment of its early organizers such as Bob Joehnuch and the support of its spectators, the sport eventually grow to become a major grand spectator event. Its history as it unfolded in the video took a regular course of having the fascination with cars fueled by the strong economy of the United States after the Second World War where enthusiasts had the money to customize high speed cars which were still slingshot cars during that time. And just like any sports, spectator or hobbyist magazines that recorded outstanding came out that supported the sport. And to make the sport mainstream and acceptable to everybody, regulating bodies we re organized such as the 1951 National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) that provided the guidelines of safety for drag racing making the sport acceptable to all and eventually grow to become a grandstand spectator event not only in its country of origin in the United States but also elsewhere in the world. Thinking about it, there was really nothing extraordinary about the history of drag racing from its slingshot origin to its present state. In

Homoeostasis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homoeostasis - Case Study Example Any fluctuation in the blood glucose concentration is detected by the pancreas, which in turn responds by secreting insulin. The secreted insulin increases the conversion of glucose to glycogen. As a result, Mary’s blood glucose concentration reduces (IHW 2006). Trekking causes excess loss of water from the body in the form of sweat. As a result, the osmolality of the blood plasma rises. The increasing osmolality (stimulus) of the plasma is detected by the hypothalamus (receptor/coordinating center), triggering the secretion of ADH. ADH (effector) causes the opening of aquaporin channels in the collecting ducts of the kidney. In the process, more water is reabsorbed from the urine into the bloodstream. The reabsorption of more water (response) reduces the osmolality of the plasma. However, if alcohol is ingested, it inhibits the secretion of ADH, making the aquaporin channels to close. As a result, the body loses more water in the form of dilute urine (MMHE n.d., p. 1192). Since Jason had put on a short sleeve shirt, the peripheral nerve receptors in his skin detected the surrounding temperature and relayed an appropriate message to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus in turn stimulated his skeletal muscles, causing him to shiver. Although the shivering generated heat by friction, it was not sufficient to normalize Jason’s body temperature. However, when Jason decided to run, the activity in his muscles intensified and generated sufficient heat to keep him warm. As a result, the shivering stopped because his body had gained the necessary heat (Docherty & Foudy 2006, p. 20). Dampney, RAL, et al. (2006). Central mechanisms underlying short-term and long-term regulation of the cardiovascular system. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11985533 [Accessed 11 December

Environmental Speech Essay Example for Free

Environmental Speech Essay My speech will be about Global warming, this is the rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. In 2011 the emission of carbon dioxide and was the highest it had ever been before and it had also taken a similar jump in 2012. Over all, emissions of carbon dioxide had jumped 3 percent in 2011 and in 2012 it was estimated that it had jumped another 2. 6% in 2012. Scientists are 90% sure that Humans are the cause global warming from producing greenhouse gases produced by human activity like using a car which is burning fossil fuels and also is caused deforestation. Since the early 20th century the Earth’s average temperature has increased by 0. 8 degrees centigrade. The effect of an increased temperature will result in the rise of sea levels. Global warming is strongest in the arctic and causes a more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events such as heat waves, heavy rainfall, droughts and species extinction. How do we stop Global Warming? Turning the thermostat down a few degrees can make a big difference in decreasing our carbon dioxide emissions. Replacing a regular light bulb with compact florescent lights will save you ? 15 over the life of the bulb and reduce global warming. Driving less and using public transport more often will reduce the carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels which are burnt every day from transportation vehicles. Decorating your house with plants and trees will help as they take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

Simon as Silent Prophet of Lord Of The Flies Essay -- Lord Flies Essay

Simon as Silent Prophet of Lord Of The Flies  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of the prophet changes with the society in which he lives. In Modern America, a prophet is a visionary, telling his people what they can become; in Biblical times, a prophet was the voice of God, telling his people what they had to become to fulfill their covenant with God. In William Golding's Lord of the Flies, though, the prophet told his people nothing; he realized what they had already become, and he dared not tell them because he knew they would turn against him. Simon lived in knowledge and fear because his society denied the role of the prophet, and he did not fight it because he wanted so much to be part of that society.    The basic premise of Lord of the Flies is that humans naturally live in savagery and ignorance, without any idea of how to live together. It is the story of boys stranded on an island who must develop a government to survive. Every detail of the story holds symbolism. For example, each character represents an aspect of society : those who represent human nature survive, and those who are self-actualized--the scientists, the religious, the leaders--all die. The most terrifying death is that of Simon, who symbolizes the eyes of a blindfolded and stumbling people. He alone saw that the jungle, which represented freedom and the lack of civilization, was not to be feared but to be understood; he alone knew that the mythical Beast of the island, feared by all the boys, was in fact their own inherent savagery. (The title, Lord of the Flies, is in fact a translation of "Beelzebub," a name of the devil in the Judeo-Christian tradition).    In a vision, the Beast told Simon: "Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hu... ... his fear, his compatriots' savagery justifies that weakness. If his flaw was his desire to be accepted, then he was no different from any of the other boys. Simon was just as human as all the children on the island, abandoned to "the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart" (202). If the truth died with Simon, it died because human nature hates prophets, because humans naturally live in savagery and ignorance.    Works Cited Epstein, E.L. "Note on Lord of the Flies." Lord of the Flies. U.S.A.: Puntnum Publishing Group, 1954. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. U.S.A.: Puntnum Publishing Group, 1954. Golding, William. "Lord of the Flies as Fable." Readings on Lord of the Flies. Ed. Bruno Leone. Sand Diego: Green Haven Press, 1997. Riley, Carolyn, ed.   Vol. 1 of Contemporary Literary Criticism. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1973.   

Devised self-Evaluation

Our first unit of work in the IGCSE was Devised theatre. Our theme was â€Å"The unexpected† and we chose this title because there is an always unexpected things that happens in our life. Our play is about a person who once had a family, job, and life, but after he got fired he loses everything. Then later on in the story a devil and an angel appears giving him idea of earning money. At last the person choses the Devils way instead of the angel’s way of earning money. The devils way of earning money is to wear his old uniform and pretend to be the manager of the supermarket. Then steal the money and walk away. The plan does not go as expectation. All things went wrong. At last nobody wants to help him, even the angel and devil did not want to help him. He even got someone in jail. Our group used the theme to create a 10 minute play exploring on unexpected events. We went about process by firstly planning the events that is going to happen in our play and then think of things that could go wrong in the story. We first started with the idea of a person who is desperate in need of money. Then we changed it gradually bit by bit, until we are satisfied. Input was shared equally by all members of the group by sharing different ideas and contributing to the group. Each member had contributed something to the group. Some people contributed props, equipment, ideas, and etc. Before the start of the performance I felt really nervous and i also excited about that I was going to perform in front of many parents and peers. It was also the first time I had to perform in the public. I try to overcome these emotions by telling myself not to panic and by staying in role during the performance. In my performance, I portrayed myself as an old granny and a little boy. I tried to communicate this character through the use of my tone, clarity, enunciation, volume, gesture †¦ I thought I was able to effectively use my tone, body gesture, and facial expression to create a sense of humor during the performance. For example, I had a hunched back gesture and a cranky voice, when I was being the grandmother. I stayed in role during the performance. I think I need to improve on having more eye contact toward the audience. I admired Andy’s group mainly of their use of comedy and humor. Their exploration of how they used their vocals, and how they used their body gesture was really outstanding during the performance. In conclusion, I think as a group we work quite well and I think our performance was quite successful, but I think there are some improvements to be done. The targets for our devised theatre are that we have to be more confident on contributing ideas to each other. Finally, the target for my performance skills is that i should more eye contact toward the audience.

Information Technology Management Essay

Information and communication technologies play critical roles in sustaining an organizations growth and profitability (Galliers & Leidner, 2003). If managed properly, investments in information and communication technologies can improve efficiency and effectiveness of business processes and an organization’s competitive posture in the market. Proper management of information and communication technologies investments can also enrich people’s lives in the organization improving job satisfaction and productivity. Galliers & Leidner, 2003). Success in managing information and communication investments depend largely on exercising good management practices like human capital management, staff training management, information technology architecture management and software management (Galliers & Leidner, 2003). However, with all the potential benefits of investments in information and communication projects, they can be risky, costly and unproductive if not managed properly (Galliers & Leidner, 2003). Organizations should therefore strive to attract and retain information technology personnel that are qualified and talented to ensure the success of information and technology investments. This is further complicated by a tight information and technology labor market where qualified information and technology personnel enjoy high mobility. Discussion The position I am required to design is a leadership position intended to provide technical direction and guide an organization in implementing strategic information and communication projects (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010). The occupant of this position is expected to be able to handle a wide range of duties and responsibilities. He or she should be able to use his/ her exposure, technical experience and business knowledge in developing an organization’s technical plans and to advise senior management on information technology strategies, standards and governance (Galliers & Leidner, 2003). In addition he or she will be expected to monitor the industry’s trends in information technology and respond appropriately by formulating long term information technology strategies capable of improving an organization’s competitiveness. The senior information technology manager will work under the general supervision of the chief executive officer. In line with work plans and resource allocation coordination provided by the chief executive officer, he or she will be responsible for effective planning, supervision and delivery of assigned functions that fall within an information and communication department (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010) so as to ensure that an organization’s requirements for information systems and information technology are effectively and efficiently met. He will also be responsibility for ensuring that an organization’s computer systems have the capacity to meet the business needs of an organization by either upgrading existing systems or developing new systems (Info Tech Employment, 2008). Additional functions will include participation in planning, coordinating and setting policies for the development and implementation of an organization’s information technology strategies, supporting standards, procedures and practices, supervising and coordinating works of external firms in special projects or functions to ensure quality and timely delivery, providing consultant services in regards to procurement of new information technology equipments and computer systems, supervising members of staff assigned to special projects or functions and coordinating their training and development to ensure that they are up to the tasks and finally, developing and monitoring key performance indicators of assigned functions within an information technology department (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010). The senior information technology manager is expected to have an excellent working knowledge in information technology and a commitment to keep up to dat e with the latest development (Galliers & Leidner, 2003). He should demonstrate people’s management skills with an ability to motivate staff members, provide a cooperative and productive work environment, manage resources effectively to achieve objectives, organize and coordinate work in the department and explain technical issues clearly (Info Tech Employment, 2008). He or she will be tasked with leading changes that fall within the information technology department, hence must be able to integrate organizational and departmental goals, priorities and values. In addition, he or she should have experience in managing large scale projects in information systems and technology (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010). To fulfill these expectations, a university degree in computer science or related fields and appropriate professional certifications are mandatory. Moreover, the candidate of choice should have at least five years management experience in information technology. He should demonstrate experience with standard software applications and data manipulation, analysis and interpretation tools (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010). Conclusion Information technology investments can be very beneficial to an organization as a whole if they are managed properly. Organizations should therefore strive to hire and retain qualified, experienced and talented information technology managers. This is not easy given the current information technology labor market. The labor market is characterized by high mobility of qualified labor and organizations must put in place effective measures to ensure they hire the right people. One of the measures an organization should take is defining clear structures and responsibilities of all employees in the information technology department. The senior information technology manager will provide technical direction and guidance to the organization in implementing strategic information technology projects. He will be responsible for ensuring effective and efficient management of resources within the information technology department.