To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Essay Example

To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Essay Example To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Paper To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Paper Essay Topic: Love in Excess Leaderships in Fieldss runing from military and political relations to concern and even instruction have been posed with the pick of transfusing love or fright among their several followings. Traits like heat and trustiness of a leader instill love among followings and fright of a leader originates largely from his strength and competency. Although there are legion other traits in a leader. heat and strength are the most influential. Harmonizing to psychological science. a major portion of other people’s perceptual experience about a individual is determined by these two dimensions of personality ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . The quandary of the pick between these two is inherently present in the nature of the two extremes i. e. either of the picks will do you fall at the opposing terminals of the human emotional spectrum. It is interesting to observe that the inquiry of taking between the two extremes is non a new one. Tracing this riddle back to the 16th century takes us to the Hagiographas of Machiavelli. His political doctrine in ‘The Prince’ acknowledges the best leaders to command both fright and love. Having said that. Machiavelli recognizes the opposite mutual opposition of the two emotions and maintains that since it is hard to unite both in one individual. it is better to be feared as a leader than to be loved ( Machiavelli. 2003. p. 53 ) . Today. about five hundred old ages subsequently. the Machiavellian construct of a feared leader is still rather strictly followed by leaders in Fieldss including concern. The issue that crops up here is the overemphasis on soft emotions like love in about every aspect of life as opposed to the usage of fright when it comes to leading. If worlds are managed better through fright. what is the topographic point of emotions like love. empathy and compassion in organisational kineticss and leading? Another facet that relates to this leading pick is the development of society over clip and the consequence of civilisation on human behaviour and manner of direction. For case. has the alteration from bossy to democratic societies and the alteration from perpendicular to horizontal manner of direction in organisations affected the mentality of people including the leaders and followings? From what I have observed while helping my male parent in political relations and supervising my household concern in Pakistan is that people are more antiphonal to a leader who demonstrates strength as opposed to a leader who shows heat. The first thing that came to my head was that this reaction is likely due to the fact that Pakistan is a underdeveloped state germinating into a enlightened society. I justified the fright theoretical account with retardation of the country and attributed it partially to cultural norms. But it was instead surprising to larn that this theoretical account is still practiced rather often in the developed universe every bit good. Taking the illustration of Texas Tech’s manager. Bobby Knight. who is widely respected for his leading. had adopted the same fright theoretical account. His abrasiveness dragged him into many contentions including the one where he allegedly choked a participant in pattern ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . It can be argued that some Fieldss like organized athleticss. military or fabricating industry require such rigorous leading as keeping the concatenation of bid is of extreme importance. However. cognition industry has no such limitations but the same theoretical account has been applied there in assorted instances. I personally know a few successful concern proprietors in the US who rely on a stiff. strength based theoretical account to acquire the best out of their employees. On the flipside there are leaders who rely on trust and heat to pull out similar efficiency from their squads. Contrasting Bobby Knight’s illustration with Mike Kerzyzewski ( Coach K ) of Duke. we see that both of them commanded regard and following but their coaching attacks were pole apart. Coach K’s leading manner was based on unfastened communicating and compassion as opposed to Bobby Knight’s fierce attack ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . Similarly. India’s reverent leader. Mahatma Gandhi is another illustration of commanding regard and following through love and heat. Furthermore. there’s the narrative of the General who went manner beyond the call of responsibility to personally cognize all of the officers developing under him ( Cohen. 2008. p. 149 ) . The General’s gesture was one of pure heat. This could be seen as an statement in favour of pertinence of the love theoretical account in any organisation regardless of its map and kineticss. Last. I would mention to the treatment in category where it was established that interpersonal accomplishments that come from emotional intelligence and emotional quotient are much of import for directors than proficient accomplishments that use academic intelligence and intelligence quotient. Based on the statements so far. it would be safe to state that leading can hold much more to make with heat and empathy than it is accredited for. And that the love theoretical account. like the fright theoretical account cuts across civilization. Fieldss and clip. There is ample grounds to back up both of the theoretical accounts of leading under assorted fortunes. What determines the effectivity of leaders is their ability to acquire an emotional response from followings. The response can be of fright or of love. Harmonizing to Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby ( 2004. p. 15 ) . what matters is the determination devising. If the determinations taken by the leader are just. people will react to both heats and strength. But If the determination devising is arbitrary. people will discontinue to react to either emotion. However. experts differ in their sentiments about whether fright is more long lasting or love. Some feel that fright is more dependable as it has dread and penalty associated with it ( Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby. 2004. p. 17 ) . While others believe that love and trust overpowers all other emotions ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . Since these are sentiments and we have seen both the attacks work in an every bit efficient mode. there is no manner to take one or the other. So. it boils down to a affair of penchant for me. Psychologists might hold farther insight into how the human head plants and receives certain stimulations to bring forth a response. It might do it easier to take one emotion but for the affair of this paper I found something else that might assist me make a decision. So. I’ll focal point on that. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012. p. 75 ) believe that leading is personalized and that each leader has to calculate out his strengths and follow a method that suits him/her best. Psychology divides the human personality into five different classs. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012 ) talk about pull offing your built-in psychological inclinations and aline them with one leading manner. If I apply it to the fright or love theoretical account under treatment. it would intend that it is better for the leader with an agreeable personality to seek and transfuse love among followings and an extravert to possibly utilize the fright theoretical account. However. this should be done carefully. The agreeable leader demands to do certain that he is non excessively considerate. This can be done by somewhat changing the built-in ‘need to be liked’ . The leader should larn to concentrate on equity instead than likeability ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 88 ) . Similarly. the leader with an extravert personality should do certain that he/she is non excessively self-asserting or aggressive when taking up the fright theoretical account ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 81 ) . Small accommodations can take attention of this issue every bit good. In add-on to alining the leading manner with their personality. leaders need to do certain that they analyze each state of affairs independently. I would take the autonomy of slackly using Peter Drucker’s advice approximately scheme to the pick between transfusing love or fright among employees. Drucker’s thought is non to establish scheme on a fixed expression. but to accommodate it harmonizing to the state of affairs ( Cohen. 2008. p. 203 ) . Leaderships should besides believe of the best manner a one leading manner would be good for them in one place at a certain house and another for a different place in a different house. For some people this might use from undertaking to project. But I tend to believe of it as a medium-term program. I say this because I feel that leading manner should non be every bit unstable as your pique. Otherwise. there is no point in taking up one manner or the other. In the concluding analysis about following a stance of strength or heat as a leader. I have reached the decision that neither of the two attacks is inherently more effectual than the other. There is grounds of effectivity of both methods over clip. regardless of cultural or geographical boundaries. The result of a peculiar attack would mostly vary from leader to leader and partially from state of affairs to state of affairs. However. certain steps like equity demand to be ensured no affair what attack is taken. The reply to why a apparently positive ( warm ) attack does non arouse a greater response as compared to a negative ( fear-inducing ) attack likely lies either in the individualism of worlds and the corporate diverseness in the personalities of different followings or in the mental make-up of worlds. MentionsCohen. W. A. ( 2008 ) . You must cognize your people to take them. In A category with Drucker: The lost lessons of the world’s greatest direction instructor ( pp. 147-159 ) . New York. New york: American Management Association. Cohen. W. A. ( 2008 ) . Base your scheme on the state of affairs. non on a expression. In A category with Drucker: The lost lessons of the world’s greatest direction instructor ( pp. 201-214 ) . New York. New york: American Management Association. Cuddy. A. J. C. . Kohut. M. . A ; Neffinger. J. ( 2013 ) . Connect. so lead. Harvard Business Review. 91 ( 7 ) . 54-61. Gittell. J. H. . Ledeen. M. A. . A ; Maccoby. M. ( 2004 ) . Leadership and the fright factor. MIT Sloan Management Review. 45 ( 2 ) . 14-18. Machiavelli. N. ( 2003 ) . Cruelty and compassion ; and whether it is better to be loved than feared. or the contrary. In G. Bull. A ; A. Grafton ( Translation ) . The Prince ( Reissue Ed. . pp. 53-55 ) . London. United kingdom: Penguin Classicss. Snook. S. A. ( 2008 ) . Love and fright and the modern foreman. Harvard Business Review. 86 ( 1 ) . 16-17. Toegel. G. A ; Barsoux. J-L. ( 2012 ) . How to go a better leader. MIT Sloan Management Review. 53 ( 3 ) . 75-92.

Essay on the Civil RightEssay Writing Service

Essay on the Civil RightEssay Writing Service Essay on the Civil Right Essay on the Civil RightThe provision of African Americans with equal voting rights was an essential step toward the inclusion of the African American community into the political life of the US. At the same time, the introduction of the Voting Rights Act was the response of the US legislators on the growing public pressure and persisting Civil Rights movement.At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the introduction of the Voting Rights Act was essential because it is through voting and elections Americans can exercise their political rights and take part in the political life of the country. Moreover, voting rights granted for African Americans had opened the way to their wider representation in the US politics. In such a way, African Americans had become an influential group of voters, whose position was important, especially in those states, where they comprised a large share of the total population.The Voting Rights Act was one of the important steps along with the C ivil Rights Act toward the inclusion of African Americans in all spheres of the social, political, and economic life. In this regard, the 1966 White House Conference on Civil Rights complemented and enhanced the legal changes introduced under the impact of the Civil Rights movement. In fact, these legislative changes contributed to the overall improvement of the position of African Americans but racial inequality persisted because equal rights and liberties, which they had got under the impact of the Civil Rights movement, faced persisting gaps with opportunities which could have helped to realize civil rights and liberties of African Americans.Thus, the Civil Rights movement had enhanced civil rights and liberties of African Americans but still they had not closed opportunity gaps between racial minorities and the white majority.

Business Principles of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival Essay

Business Principles of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival - Essay Example Even though the economic impact of the festival remains a major concern, there was an agreement with the major stakeholders that it was vital to look into other aspects of the festival. The Edinburgh festival attracts all kinds of performers ranging from regular school boys to star actors. With more than 260 performance venues, such as dim vaults, giant theatres, and moving buses the event has the capacity to hold thousands of actors. All the venues available manage to hold more than 2,000shows in the 25 day long festival. The establishment of the Scottish parliament has to a large extent altered the political landscape. Edinburgh is considered as the standard –bearer for Scotland and a very vital in promoting and strengthening the pride of the Scottish people and their identity as a whole. However, there has been a very great concern by most people and even politicians in Scotland that Edinburgh is not getting the recognition it deserves as a cultural ambassador. This is with due to the numerous festivals that Edinburgh has organized and hosted with very limited resources. In that aspect parliament has come up with certain legislations to help boost the cultural events in their quest to promote the Scottish culture. Nationally Edinburgh is faced with numerous challenges. Whereas there are some people who are of the opinion that a lot of resources is being allocated to the capital, there are some who are of the opinion that Edinburgh festivals may play a very crucial role in promoting the national economy through cultural tourism (British Association of Social Workers 1976, 87). Certainly the Edinburgh’s economic position can be termed as healthy due to some various factors such as low unemployment rates and projected growth in job opportunities. In a research carried out in Scotland in respect to the highest revenue earners for the country. In the year 2010, tourism accounted for about 1.5bn pounds of expenditure by

A critical assessment of a marketing execution Essay - 1

A critical assessment of a marketing execution - Essay Example Consumers have power in the baby product industry because they can always go to another location. There are many competitors and decision makers and Johnsons & Johnsons need to develop a corporate growth strategy to increase their penetration of current product-markets. The organization’s web page is full of promotional activities to attract customers and increase their market penetration. In order to attract customers to new class offerings, their webpage says, â€Å"at Johnson & Johnsons we recognize that times are hard, so we want to help you tighten your belt this June with an automatic 10% off your membership† (Johnson & Johnsons 1). The organization is also updating their facility on a continual basis to improve their facilities. Facilities like these increase market penetration. Johnsons and Johnsons marketing strategy tends to be more aggressive rather than passive, reactor or analyzer. Their target market is new moms who are almost hosting the first birthday for their children. They are actively trying to stimulate new marketing opportunities and develop new products. They have an extensive staff with different strategic business units. New product development is actively pursued† (Eisma 1). Part of the marketing department is advertising plan is to offer free or reduced price classes to both new and regular members. They also go out of their way to attract members who have stopped using their products. No successful marketing strategy is entirely focused on one plan. Marketers look at what is happening on a local, national, and international levels so that they could adapt their offerings and expand their offerings appropriately. An organization’s performance goals are often â€Å"linked to accountability and could involve problem-solving, innovation, or implementation of some type of improvement† which might enhance current performance or prepare a group for a new role (Kokemuller 1). They need to be

Using material from item A and elsewher Essay Example for Free

Using material from item A and elsewher Essay Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess the view that the growth of religious fundamentalism is a reaction to globalisation As mentioned in item A ‘much has been written about the decline of religious beliefs and the secularisation of modern societies’ this states that the growth of fundamentalism represents a culture which tends to be a clash between the sacred an secular. Fundamentalism refers to ‘black and white’ thinking that opposes modernism or any sort of progressive beliefs about religion and social topics. Rejecting modern beliefs does not particularly make fundamentalist group violent. Whilst the item mentions ‘they reject modern interpretations o faith as having lost their ways because teachings have been watered down’ this supports the idea that fundamentalist groups tend to oppose anything that challenges their religious interpretations and opinions. There are various characteristics of fundamentalism; a sociologist Bruce indicates the fact that religious text are seen as perfect. Referring back to the item it suggests that ‘fundamentalism seek a return to a literal interpretation of their holy book and strict obedience to religious teachings’ this supports Bruce idea as such holy teaching must be read literally-be it the bible, quran or the torah for e.g. Homosexuality is seen to be a sin, and fundamentalist groups are strongly against this view. Although there are many holy teachings and beliefs, one consequence of this is that fundamentalism rejects religious pluralism; there can be but one literal truth. This reflects on the important implications for what school teach for e.g. in some Christian schools in USA, the obect the scientific explanations of creation. Another aspect of fundamentalist is there is a profound rejection of modern society. Living in the modern world is seen as problematic because of the variety of choice; including too much choice of religion, sexuality, lifestyle etc. As mentioned in the item ‘while fundamentalism may have views that differ greatly from the mainstream’ this supports the perception that fundamentalists reject the idea of choice and assert the value of tradition. Lastly, another characteristic is activism. Activism is strongly encouraged whereby fundamentalists are vocal in their struggle of good against evil. In their ways of active approach many fundamentalists resort to violence in bid to express both their hatred of modernity and the need for tradition values to return for all. Examples of extremist fundamentalism include the shooting of  Malala, bombing of abortion clinics, 9/11 etc, Islamic fundamentalists. Quoting from the item ‘some sociologists argue that one response to globalisation has been the growth of religious fundamentalists’ This was the central view of Giddens whom mentioned that globalisation has turned the whole planet earth into a ‘global village’ such that every point o n the planet is constant and lose touch with the rest of the world via electronic, satellite or telephone communication. This has had a huge impact on fundamentalism. There are clear examples of how globalisation has helped fundamentalist groups for e.g. Terrorist groups such al-qaeda have various websites to both communication members and grow in numbers. Depite the fact that fundamentalists are against modernity, they can be seen as hypocritical groups as they tend to use modern ways and technology to spread their views. Another clear example is represented by the Miss World beauty Pageant in Nigeria 2002 A ‘blasphemous’ article was published by a newspaper office suggesting the prophet Muhammed (pbuh) would have liked a Miss World Beauty Queen. This had raised riots by Muslim fundamentalists which claimed over 100 lives. Assessing the view that globalisation has a growing state of fundamentalists, if such articles were not published, would there be such a large scale of fundamentalist activity? However growth in fundamentalism can be due to other factors beside globalisation. A response to secularisation; once again Bruce identifies fundamentalism is caused by secularisation- he argues the decline in religion in modern society, combining the views of science and rationality, undermines traditional faiths which supports evidence from the item as it mentions ‘but fundamentalism seems to go against this trend’ and therefore this does not truly suggest that globalisation is the main reaction to the growth of fundamentalist groups. Almond et al agree secularisation and modernisation produces fundamentalist however implying that it is caused by facets such as low levels of education and high levels of inequality, economic problems displacement of people by war, and western resentment and hatred. This also ties in with such facts that fundamentalism is more likely to develop when; there is just one sacred perfect text which followers can argue, a religion must have a common enemy etc. Such aspects determine that globalisation is not the only factor, there are many other ways of fundamentalist groups increasing Another aspect may be certainty in a world of choice.  Fundamentalists groups tend to have an appeal to those who seek a moral anchor in a world of unlimited choice i.e. young people. Modernity creates a moral ambiguity- unaware of what to do and therefore leading to a profusion of choice and a lack of guidance. This verifies the idea that globalisation is not the only reason as to why fundamentalists is growing, but attracting people in other ways. Lastly, Karen Armstrongs view also supports the view that it is not due to globalization. She argues there is nothing in Islamic religion which tends to lead towards fundamentalist beliefs. Many Islamic leaders and followers are in favour of westernisation and modernisation. However her argument differs to many as she states that the west has tried to impose modernisation too rapidly in these countries and as a result, this has lead to mass resentment f the west by many Islamic populations in the world, thus encouraging Islamic fundamentalism. In conclusion, although gloablisation does play a major role as to why fundamentalist groups are promptly growing, we cannot assume this is the only way. Assessing the view of this, it does need to be taken into consideration that there are other elements which have an impact of fundamentalist groups vastly spreading such as secularisation, economic problems, certainty in a world of choice etc.

The Beatles :: Essay on The Beatles

The The English ROCK MUSIC group The Beatles gave the 1960s its characteristic musical flavor and had a profound influence on the course of popular music, equaled by few performers. The guitarists John Winston Lennon, b. Oct. 9, 1940; James Paul McCartney, b. June 18, 1942; and George Harrison, b. Feb. 25, 1943; and the drummer Ringo Starr, b. Richard Starkey, July 7, 1940, were all born and raised in Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney had played together in a group called The Quarrymen. With Harrison, they formed their own group, The Silver Beatles, in 1959, and Starr joined them in 1962. As The Beatles, they developed a local following in Liverpool clubs, and their first recordings, "Love Me Do" (1962) and "Please Please Me" (1963), quickly made them Britain's top rock group. Their early music was influenced by the American rock singers Chuck BERRY and Elvis PRESLEY, but they infused a hackneyed musical form with freshness, vitality, and wit. The release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in 1964 marked the beginning of the phenomenon known as "Beatlemania" in the United States. The Beatles' first U.S. tour aroused a universal mob adulation. Their concerts were scenes of mass worship, and their records sold in the millions. Their first film, the innovative A Hard Day's Night (1964), was received enthusiastically by a wide audience that included many who had never before listened to rock music. Composing their own material (Lennon and McCartney were the major creative forces), The Beatles established the precedent for other rock groups to play their own music. Experimenting with new musical forms, they produced an extraordinary variety of songs: the childishly simple "Yellow Submarine"; the bitter social commentary of "Eleanor Rigby"; parodies of earlier pop styles; new electronic sounds; and compositions that were scored for cellos, violins, trumpets, and sitars, as well as for conventional guitars and drums. Some enthusiasts cite the albums Rubber Soul (1965) and Revolver (1966) as the apex of Beatle art, although Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), perhaps the first rock album designed thematically as a single musical entity, is more generally considered their triumph. The group disbanded in 1970, after the release of their final album, Let It Be, and during the 1970s pursued individual careers. On Dec. 8, 1980, John Lennon was fatally shot outside his Manhattan apartment by Mark Chapman, a 25-year-old former mental patient who, earlier that same day, had asked Lennon for his autograph. Lennon's murder was universally mourned with an intensity of feeling usually inspired only by political and spiritual leaders. Bibliography: The Beatles Complete, 2

Biochemistry Fats, Diet, and Heart Disease

Biochemistry Fats, Diet, and Heart Disease ‘Fat’ can sometime be a word that gives people the chills when they hear about it. It is one of the three main sources of calories to our diet and a major part of ones dietary requirement. There are three kinds of fat: saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated. The degree of saturation is dependent on the amount of double and triple bonds in the chemical makeup. Saturated fats are known to increase the body's levels of serum (blood) cholesterol. Along with cholesterol, saturated fats can deposit on the inner walls of blood vessels; a condition known as atherosclerosis.When the heart's arteries become clogged with cholesterol and fats, blood flow can be restricted or totally blocked, leading to severe chest pain and heart attack. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats actually have a cholesterol-lowering effect. By substituting polyunsaturated fats for the saturated fats in your diet, you can actually help control choleste rol levels. Too much dietary fat can also contribute to overweight. Being overweight can aggravate high blood pressure, place excess strain on your heart, and make it more difficult to stay active and physically fit, thus having a negative impact on your overall cardiovascular health.For about three decades, health institutions like the American Heart Association, National Institutes of Health, World Health Organization, and others advised people to reduce dietary fat by limiting fat intake to fewer than 30 percent of daily calories. Their claim was that a low fat diet ultimately resulted in the reduction or elimination of risk for heart disease although; there wasn't much evidence to support the notion of low-fat diets in the beginning.In an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on February 8, 2006, in a 8th year Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial, about 49,000 women with almost identical rates of heart attack, stroke, and other form s of cardiovascular disease were followed to see the effect of a low-fat diet and those not on the diet. Their results showed that women on the low-fat diet didn't lose or gain any more weight than women who followed their usual diets. The important thing to note from these kinds of studies was the type of fat in the diet.For example the Mediterrean style diet is high in fat but these fats are from plant sources such as olive oil, nuts and seeds which are low in saturated fat intake. The ‘Western† diet on the other hand has fats from animal sources which are usually saturated and produces a higher risk for heart disease. In conclusion, as research grows on diet and heart disease, it’s becoming clearer that looking at a single nutrient in isolation cannot tell us the whole story about a person’s heart disease risk. People eat foods, not nutrients, and they eat them in an overall dietary pattern.The traditional Mediterranean Diet pattern, in contrast, appears to lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, and metabolic syndrome, a constellation of factors that increases the chances of developing heart disease and diabetes. So if you are concerned about heart health, pay attention to your overall diet, not just to the type of fat. Citation Barbara, H. (2006) et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Medical Association. Retrieved from http://jama. ama-assn. org/content/29 5/6/655. full

Comparison of Filing Systems

Everyday, 21 million general office documents, 76 million letters, 234 million photocopies, and 6oo million computer printouts, all in paper, are produced by organizations in America alone. These figures came out from a study by the International Data Corp. All of these amount to paper-based files that are invaluable to the maintenance and progress of institutions.However, as much as resources only become assets if properly handled, these files are only of as much use as an institution knows where they are, and how to access the data they contain (Langemo and Robles).In order to realize this, it is necessary for an agency or office to establish a filing system that satisfies both the criteria of effectiveness and efficiency (Texas State Library and Archives Commission). For this, there are a number of selections. Therefore, it is essential to compare and contrast the features that each filing system can offer so that a reasonable choice can be made.Let us first consider the Alphabeti c filing system. Also referred to as a â€Å"direct-access system,† it is the most extensively employed classification system. As the term† direct-access† implies, its advantage is that it is user-friendly because anyone wanting to access information from the files need not check with an index.A user only needs to identify the first letter of the label of the data in question and search for it among the files in the order that it appears in the alphabet. Though there is a standard prescribed in using an alphabetical filing system, most offices alphabetize their files loosely according to their prerogative scheme (Langemo and Robles).A seeming upgraded version of the alphabetic system is the Geographical classification system. In this system, files are arranged by geographic location, e.g. by city, county, province, state, region, or country, and are further positioned in alphabetical order. Today, government offices and petroleum industries still employ the Geogra phic classification system in filing land-oriented records (Langemo and Robles).Meanwhile, when certain type of records requires numeric ordering, Numeric classification systems are employed. This type of filing system makes it easier to manage paper documents either by numbering the border of end-tabbed folders, or by utilizing shelf filing equipment, computer index databases, and color coding schemes (Langemo and Robles).Finally, when it is inappropriate to categorize records according to names either by individuals, organizations, institutions, locations, or agencies, Subject filing systems are used. This system is divided into two arrangements: dictionary and encyclopedic. When the topics of the files are arranged alphabetically, they are in dictionary arrangement. Meanwhile, in an encyclopedic arrangement, associated items in a subject file are classified alphabetically under a superior caption (Langemo and Robles).All of these four filing systems are advantageous for specific types of files. It is up to the agencies to evaluate which among these filing systems is appropriate for them. Failure to identify this can lead to a waste of time, money, resources, or worse, legal complications. The decision making practices of an institution will significantly be more effective if fitting filing system is employed (Texas State Library and Archives Commission).Reference CitedLangemo M., and Marcel Robles. â€Å"Upgrade Your Office Filing System.† Office Dealer and Office Solutions Magazine. Feature. December 2001. 22 Sept. 2006. .Texas State Library and Archives Commission. â€Å"Filing Systems.† Records Management Publications. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. 26 Sept. 2002. 22 Sept. 2006. < http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/slrm/recordspubs/fs.html>.

Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essays

Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essays Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essay Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essay Elderly care between the United States and Japan The difference between Japan and the United States and the care of the elderly is like night and day. The customs between the two cultures are separated by the differences in the respect for the elderly, what is considered acceptable care and how care is provided. These are just the surface of the cultural differences and the basics of elder care should be considered. This is only for care of a fairly healthy person that has just gotten older and needs help in day to day activities but not completely helpless, or hindered by dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. In Japan the elderly are considered a person of knowledge and is to be respected for that knowledge and experience. The elders are the center of the family group because of the life they have led has brought the family to where they are in life today. Usually the In-laws are brought into the family home when they can no longer care for themselves or considered to be infirmed due to illness or disease. The care given is usually done by the women in the house hold but the men, usually the oldest son, has become the primary care giver in recent years. SO Long, PB Harris. (2000). This has been the the family unit for generations and continues to be to this very day. In the United states the Elderly or infirmed are looked upon as an Individual that has already lived a full life and seem to be pitied for living to be so old. They are not respected in the way the Japanese family do. They usually have to turn to retirement homes or what is called extended care facilities. This does create quite the financial burden and will usually drain any kind of savings they have. The facilities are not like a home with all the busy plans and schedules for the children or family events. The care given in these facilities are usually less than what most people, at that age, try to live at but it is all they can afford. In Japan the care that is provided in the home can cover a lot from bathing to cooking to just general housekeeping and laundry. If the Elderly need something more like treatments, medical procedures, or long term hospital tays the family will do everything that is feasible to help with this, either financially or physically making things work to make the elder comfortable. In the United States if the elder has moved in it would be with their own son not the individuals in-laws if at all possible. The level of care would only be determined by the amount of time the son has to give to the elder. The respect would start to wane after a time and roles would be reversed, father is no-longer the head of house and the son is, and tensions would rise. Eventually the elder would be placed in a nursing home or a care facility of some kind. This is always sad to see, but just about every month in the United States there is an article in the news about some nursing home abuse. The different cultures of the United States and Japan are so wildly different that the health care system reforms that the united states has put into place may just bring the elderly back into the family unit but that us another subject. The Level of care and the accepted standards of each culture is almost completely polar opposite. How Japan cares for the elderly in a family unit and the United States depends on its own healthcare system, retirement homes and nursing homes or even extended care facilities, to reliably take care of their elderly. The level of respect for the elderly is provided in Japan has my attention and I wonder if there is some way to turn the United States people around to that way of thinking? REFERENCES SO Long, PB Harris. (2000). Gender and elder care: social change and the role of the caregiver in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 3(1), 21. Retrieved April 16, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 407135091).

Peacock Facts (Pavo sp. and Afropavo sp.)

Peacock Facts (Pavo sp. and Afropavo sp.) Peacocks are birds known for their showy plumage and piercing calls. While both males and females are often called peacocks, really only the male is the peacock. The female is a peahen, while the young are peachicks. Collectively, they are properly known as peafowl. Fast Facts: Peacock Scientific Name: Pavo cristatus; Pavo muticus; Afropavo congensisCommon Names: Peacock, Indian peacock, blue peafowl, green peafowl, Java peafowl, African peacock, Congo peafowl, mbuluBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 3.0-7.5 feetWeight: 6-13 poundsLifespan: 15-20 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Forests of India, Southeast Asia, and Congo Basin of AfricaPopulation: ThousandsConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered (depending on species) Species Peafowl belong to the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The three genera are Pavo cristatus, the Indian or blue peacock; Pavo muticus, the Java or green peafowl; and Afropavo congensis, the African peafowl or mbulu. There are also subspecies of green peafowl. The male green peafowl and female Indian peafowl can mate to produce a fertile hybrid called a spalding. Description Peacocks are easily identified by their fan-like crest of feathers and long train of colorful eye-spot feathers. Male birds have spurs on their legs which they use for territorial disputes with other males. While peahens have a feathered crest, they lack the elaborate train. Both males and females have iridescent feathers. Actually, the feathers are brown, but crystalline structures produce vibrant blue, green, and gold colors by the scattering and interference of light. The body of the blue peacock appears blue, while the body of the green peacock appears green. The African peacock is a darker blue-green and brown. Chicks bear cryptic coloring in shades of tan and brown that help them blend in with their environment. Both males and females are large birds, but males are about twice the length of females because of their feather train. On average, adults range from three to over seven feet from beak to tail tip. They weigh between six and thirteen pounds. African or Congo peafowl have shorter trains the green or blue peafowl. Stan Osolinski, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Originally, the Indian peacock came from the Indian subcontinent. Now it is widely distributed across South Asia. Green peafowl live in Southeast Asia, including China, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Java. The African peacock is native to the Congo Basin. The three peafowl species do not naturally overlap ranges. All three species prefer forested habitats. Diet and Behavior Like other pheasants, peafowl are omnivorous, basically eating anything that fits in their beaks. They eat fruits, insects, crops, garden plants, seeds, insects, small mammals, and small reptiles. At night, peacocks fly to tree branches to roost in family units. Reproduction and Offspring The breeding season is variable and depends largely on rain. Males fan their feathers to attract a mate. A female may select a mate based on several factors, which include the visual display, its low-frequency vibration (picked up by the females crest feathers), or the males call. A blue peacock has a harem of two to three peahens, while green and African peafowl tend to be monogamous. After mating, the female scrapes a shallow nest in the ground and lays between four and eight buff-colored eggs. She incubates the eggs, which hatch after 28 days. Only the female cares for the chicks, which follow her around or may be carried on her back when she flies to roost. Peafowl reach sexual maturity at two to three years of age. In the wild, they live between 15 and 20 years, but they may live 30 years in captivity. Green peahen with chicks. Ronald Leunis / EyeEm, Getty Images Conservation Status Peafowl conservation status depends on species. The IUCN classifies the conservation status of the Indian peacock as least concern. The bird enjoys wide distribution across Southeast Asia, with a wild population over 100,000. The IUCN lists the Congo peafowl as vulnerable and decreasing in population. In 2016, the number of mature birds was estimated to range between 2,500 and 10,000. The green peafowl is endangered. Fewer than 20,000 mature birds remain in the wild, with a decreasing population. Threats Peacocks face numerous threats, including habitat loss and degradation, hunting, poaching and predation. Green peacocks are further endangered by introduction of hybrid birds into wild populations. Peafowl and Humans Blue peacocks are agricultural pests in some regions. Peafowl readily breed in captivity. They are most often kept for the beauty and their feathers and sometimes for meat. Peacock feathers are collected after the male molts each year. While peafowl are affectionate toward their owners, they can be aggressive toward strangers. Sources BirdLife International 2016. Afropavo congensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679430A92814166. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679430A92814166.enBirdLife International 2016. Pavo cristatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679435A92814454. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679435A92814454.enBirdLife International 2018. Pavo muticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679440A131749282. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679440A131749282.enGrimmett, R.; Inskipp, C.; Inskipp, T. Birds of India: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-691-04910-6.  Johnsgard, P.A. The Pheasants of the World: Biology and Natural History. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 374, 1999. ISBN 1-56098-839-8.

The role of the teacher in teaching and learning mathematics Coursework

The role of the teacher in teaching and learning mathematics - Coursework Example spects that inform the existing teaching practices while leading to the modification of learner perception of the mathematics environment (Norton & DAmbrosio, 2008). Feedback is needed as students require information on their accomplishments for purposes of growing and progressing. Integration of maths in the learning areas is related to teaching mathematics and its outcomes. For example, testing requires a consideration of opportunities for learning mathematics. Additionally, mathematics teachers should be aware of how students progress and troublesome areas (Cooke & Buchholz, 2005). The early childhood teacher has a critical role in teaching and learning mathematics through questioning of constructivist environments. For example, the roles of mathematics teachers in questioning can be group discussions to enhance students’ participation in different classroom activities, it is critical to appreciate roles of efficient. Feedback that is related to the assessment of outcomes allows for learners to be aware of gaps existing between desired goals and current knowledge (Arthur, Death, Dockett & Farmer, 2012).The application of questioning within constructivist environment allows for feedback. Further illustrations steered questioning in a constructivist environment involves relating to early childhood classroom. The approach enhances students’ participation in classroom activities while teachers play important roles for the enhancement of student’s participation in classroom activities. A positive impact on mathematics teachers in childhood years promotes mathematics learning. The engagement of questioning through constructivist environment is related to sharing mathematics as an important component. The mathematics classroom assessment is defined a context created for students learners. The early childhood teacher has a critical role in the teaching and learning of mathematics and use of play resources and hands in rich environments. Understanding

Slingshot Video Reflection Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slingshot Video Reflection Assignment - Essay Example Drag racing are not only fun to watch but also more engaging when one take it seriously from a mere spectator to a participant. I may not be a drag racer myself but I have been to one of the races and I can relate to the adrenaline and â€Å"high† that the racers could feel in drag racing. Our need for speed will always be there and this fascination for speed was the motivation of the growth of drag racing from a mere small number of slingshot dragsters to a major grandstand spectator event with all the sponsors and media exposure. Drag racing however did not start as big as it is now. Upon watching the video, it only had approximately 300 spectators with a meager price of $10. I was not however surprised with its humble beginning. Reflecting on it, almost all sports and endeavors started small and this includes drag racing which started from its slingshot beginnings. With the commitment of its early organizers such as Bob Joehnuch and the support of its spectators, the sport eventually grow to become a major grand spectator event. Its history as it unfolded in the video took a regular course of having the fascination with cars fueled by the strong economy of the United States after the Second World War where enthusiasts had the money to customize high speed cars which were still slingshot cars during that time. And just like any sports, spectator or hobbyist magazines that recorded outstanding came out that supported the sport. And to make the sport mainstream and acceptable to everybody, regulating bodies we re organized such as the 1951 National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) that provided the guidelines of safety for drag racing making the sport acceptable to all and eventually grow to become a grandstand spectator event not only in its country of origin in the United States but also elsewhere in the world. Thinking about it, there was really nothing extraordinary about the history of drag racing from its slingshot origin to its present state. In